Evapotranspiration is a blend of two separate processes where water is evaporating from soil and water surfaces as well as transpiring from the stomata of plants. The crop evapotranspiration (ETc) is a perfect index for crop water requirements estimation, especially in an arid and semi-arid region. Remote sensing technologies assist to improve the assessment of ETc precision and its spatial distribution. This study aims to compare two remote sensing methods for calculating ETc, which was the surface energy balance (METRIC) model and the modified FAO 56- Penman-Monteith model. Where Landsat 8 images, after the needful processing, were used in combination with climate data from the nearest station, Numaniyah meteorological station. Satellite images were used to calculate vegetation index, land surface temperature, and albedo which was required to calculate ETc. The area selected for study was Al-Ahrar irrigation project which is located in the south of Iraq within Wassit government. ETc obtained using the METRIC model changed from the lowest value (1.0 mm day-1) in December to the highest value (6.5 mm day-1) in July. While the ETc values calculated from remote sensing data by application of the Penman-Monteith- FAO 56 model changed from the lowest value (1.3 mm day-1) in December to the highest value (5.7 mm day-1) in July. The coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.82 for the FAO- Penman-Monteith model and 0.77 for the application of the METRIC model comparing with reference evapotranspiration (ETo) observed by Numaniyah station after dividing by a crop coefficient (Kc).
Keywords:  Remote sensing, METRIC model, Penman-Monteith, Crop evapotranspiration,FAO-56, Iraq, Al-Ahrar irrigation project, ERDAS.

TheLi-doped (ZrO2) films with different annealing temperatures of 300 ᴼC, 400 ᴼC, and 500 ᴼC were deposited using chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) technique. Structural properties were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis, which confirms the polycrystalline structure with a dominant peak at (111) plane. Atomic force microscope images depict that surface roughness and root mean square roughness were increased via annealing temperature. Transmittance was increasing with temperature increase, finally optical energy gap increase with increasing annealing temperature.
Keywords:  AFM, XRD, ZrO2: Li, optical constants, Li doping

E-waste commonly known as electronic waste has currently become a worldwide treat as it is created in a tremendous amount. India produces 5 million tons of e-squander every year. Thus enormous landfills are been made. As we are confronting a major test in strong waste administration especially electronic waste, which is by and large more in the creation of strong waste as a result of the creationof IT areas. Then again, there is a gigantic interest in normal materials in the development field. Particularly stream sand is in extraordinary interest, subsequently, research has been proceeding to locate other characteristic materials in development. E-waste could be utilized as a substitution as a coarse total and fine total. In this undertaking, the E-waste is somewhat supplanted as a fine total. Just the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is chosen and is finely grained. Fly debris is traded in this undertaking for concrete of about 25%. 10mm chips are utilized as a coarse total in this task. E-waste has been supplanted in different extents and pressure quality was tried and contrasted and regular solid blocks. M15 and M25 grade solid blocks are done to this extend. The pressure test has been completed after the seventh and 28thdays and the heaviness of the blocks is watched.
Keywords:  E-waste, Brick, Fly Ash, 10mm aggregate, Compression test, Weight of the brick, replacement with fine aggregate, Coloplast NC.

Internet of things (IoT) based wireless sensor networks (WSN) are designed for providing fundamental data transmission in the lower level of all the realtime applications. The applications rely on the quantity of data for the requests and responses that are aggregated and disseminated from the IoTsensor environment. In this paper, adaptive device data transmission (ADDT) is introduced for providing flexible data transmission in the heterogeneous IoT platform. Based on device availability and energy consumption, the modes of transmission are decided as either responsive or non-responsive applicable for both single and multi-path transmission. Error in data dissemination and the density is responsible for recommending and determining the transmitting mode. Such pre-classified transmission mode increases the chances of a high level of request handling and reducing delay under controlled energy consumption.
Keywords:  Data Transmission, IoT, Transmission Mode Selection, WSN, Adaptive Data Transmission

The sample rate conversion (SRC) is one of the core blocks in software defined radio (SDR) receiver to considerably reduce the data rate for the efficient processing of the data in field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or digital signal processor (DSP). The digital down converter (DDC) performs the task of SRC by forming a set of efficient decimation filter. The basic idea behind the research paper is to design and analyze the efficient multistage decimator. In the proposed work a power efficient multistage decimator for audio applications is designed for the audio input sampled at a rate of 96 kHz and downsampled by a decimator factor of D=96. The digital filters are designed using low pass FIR filter direct form with equiripple and then analyzed using MATLAB Simulink 2014a and Xilinx System Generator. The proposed design offers a reduction in terms of filter order, LUTs, LUTRAM, flip flops (FF) and DSP slices when compared with single and two stage decimator. The designed model is synthesized using Vivado 2015.3 by targeting kintex7 family series XC7K160t.
Keywords:  Multistage Decimator, FIR filter, SDR, FPGA, Vivado 2015.4, MATLAB Simulink, Xilinx System Generator

Perungalathur is a residential locality in Southern part of the metropolitan city of Chennai. Peerkankaranai Lake is shrinking due to dumping of solid wastes. Water resources get polluted due to increase in dumping of waste near Perungalathur. Samples were collected from ground wells, tube wells, hand pumps and from lake near Perungalathur dumpsite and are tested for the levels of contamination. The results obtained from the collected samples are compared with standards and analyzed the impacts of water near the dumpsite using water quality index (WQI) to evaluation contamination of water. For calculation of WQI for the study area, eleven water quality parameters have been selected. They are Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids, Calcium, Magnesium, Total Hardness, Chlorides, pH, Alkalinity to Methyl orange, Sulphates, Iron, Fluorides and the Evaluation of water pollution and its status were discussed.
Keywords:  Dumpsite, Solid waste, Samples, contamination, Impacts.

Wind energy is increasingly used as renewable energy worldwide. According togrid codes, wind turbines (WT) should essentially be coupled to grid throughout as well as following fault and source reactive power toward the grid with an objective of maintaining grid voltage. Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG), a wind turbine type enabling speed adjustment, is getting established currently in wind industry. Many DFIGs employ crowbar-based system to shelter the converter at the rotor side during disturbed and/or distorted grid voltage circumstances. Although it helps in protecting the generator, it does not warrant an appropriate grid support. This shortcoming led to designing a new coordinated controller that excludes or even cancels the need of acrowbar. This paper proposes fault confrontation controller (FCC) design to augment the feature of low voltage ride through (LVRT) in this turbine.Considering the system’s nonlinear nature, an attractive FCC was constructed using computational intelligence (CI) techniques, namely fuzzy logic, back propagation network (BPN) and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS).The simulation study demonstrates that the ANFIS system gives the best results for the proposed system.
Keywords:  Doubly Fed Induction Generator, LVRT, ANFIS, Computational Intelligence.

Electronic waste or E- waste is non-decomposable products obtained from small devices which cause land accumulation and environmental problems. E waste concrete incorporates E waste with normal conventional concrete which helps in increasing the strength as well as reduces the wastage (Ewaste). E waste is added to M30 control mix with different variation along with different variation of Nano silica. The cement is partially replaced by Nano silica (0%to 2%) with the increment of 1% and the Fine aggregate isfractionallyretrieved with powdered E waste (2% to 10%) with incremental of 2%. To attain a sustainable environment utilizing e waste in concrete is one of a solution. The focus of the experimental investigation is to produce a new concrete by retrieving the fine aggregate with E waste.
Keywords:  E waste, E waste concrete, Nano concrete, Compressive strength, Silica .

At present in the hospital also many patients are admitted and a doctor and their colleagues should have to maintain the treatment of them. For that all patients are should remain continuously under observation. Hence, the IoT (internet of things) concept used, and sensor are connected to the human body with a well-managed wireless network. For measurement heart bit rate, blood pressure, Insulin, etc. Can be measured by sensors and a particular sensor is required to gather specific information. Right now we have two safety troubles, first, physical safety for smart objects, & second is the way to maintain data confidentiality, integrity, and privacy at some point of information series amongst smart objects, have for that reason emerged. So, for these security reasons, the existing security systems may not be appropriate to the smart objects in the IoT environment. In this paper, we proposedprotected device authentication schemes for IoT-based healthcare systems based on body sensor networks by implementing a bloom filter scheme on the IoT-based Healthcare systems. By using this enhanced proposal, we can improve the computation time of the sensor nodes in the healthcare-based network.
Keywords: IoT, healthcare-based network, sensor networks, security systems, data confidentiality

Climate change refers to significant changes that have taken place over several decades or more in global temperature, rainfall, wind patterns and other climate measures . The oceans are up. Acidification of the ocean s on the rise. For some of the environments that can characterize the end of certain known areas, is shifting. It isn't that easy for others, even though some species adapt. Evidence shows that much of this extreme change is caused by the rising levels methane (CH4). Specially, CO2, nitrous oxide (N2O) and methanol (Ch4) are gasses that absorb radiation from the surface and trap it in the lower atmosphere. These gasses absorb radiation and trap it in the form of heat. Nevertheless, the impact of human activity on the other greenhouse gases is broad and very important. These gasses grow faster than they are taken out of the atmosphere. For the present study, the source data for centralizing the global scenario of climatic change taken into account is reported between 1995-2019.
Keywords:  Disaster, Atmosphere, Climate, Radiation, Gas.

In the development of network and communication protocols for owns, the trust concept is introduced, in order to enhance energy efficiency and thus extend the life of wireless sensor nodes. Confidence criteria also introduce the security system and therefore authenticated and secure communication in WSN is possible. The trust management system detects intruders mostly with the intention of wastefully draining the energy of the sensor nodes and thereby reducing the lifetime of the sensor networks. This paper explains recent trust management schemes regarding their algorithm, implementation processes and performance metrics.
Keywords: WSN, trust, security, trust management, energy efficiency.

The growing population density in cities requires real-time infrastructure. Road sensors can be used to obtain global traffic information. Billions of devices connected to embedded systems. These devices generate a huge volume of data. The transportation system plays an important key role in the development of any city. Intelligent transport offers many benefits such as pollution reduction, congestion-free traffic and intelligent parking. Users can get destination details based on current traffic intensity and average vehicle velocity. In intelligent transport, GPRS, vehicle sensors, and sensors placed on the vehicle provide us with traffic information. Road sensors are deployed at each road intersection to calculate traffic information for all on-road vehicles, which includes vehicle numbers and Peak speed of cars. Internet is needed to link information. This article aims to achieve better performance using fuzzy approximate set theory and the deep convolutional neural network for data fusion. The data aggregation proposed for the traffic information system (DATIS) is evaluated according to the notification rate. Notification time, number of messages generated and average deviation.
Keywords:  Fusion, aggregation, Traffic Management, Fuzzy Rough set.

Last 20 decades, plastics have been used for many purposes and become an important part of our daily life. In many developing countries, people use the bags, bottles, utensils, furniture made up of plastics and for many more domestic purposes without considering the fact that it will create a lot of waste which is impossible to manage. Due to this fact, it has recently become a common and serious issue worldwide. It harms not only the environment but also the human beings. Along with this, tons of plastics exist in oceans which causes loss of marine animals every year. Looking at this serious issue, there is a need to manage the plastic wastes by different methodologies like recycling and reusing, landfill, incineration, gasification and hydrogenation etc. In this review paper, we are going to look towards the current procedures of use of plastic waste in current situation as well as to look for all the possibilities to minimize these wastes.
Keywords:  Plastic Waste, Recycling, Plastic Roads, Incineration

The mechanical properties of the composite make FRP (Fibre reinforced polymers) more advantageous in structural strengthening and the ease of application in the damaged area. In recent years, external wrapping with FRP has been evolved as a popular retrofitting technique for existing structures. Therefore the compressive behavior of RC columns has been attempted to investigate the properties. The parameters considered in this experimental study were the packaging materials which included glass, basalt, and carbon fiber reinforced polymer, as well as the number of stacks (single and multiple stacks).The experimental results indicates that the long RC columns strengthened with glass and basaltFRP shows lower strength in compression compared to long RC columns confined using carbon FRPs in both single as well as double plies.
Keywords:  GFRP, BFRP, CFRP, Long RC column, Strengthening, Confinement, Strength in compression.

In modern techniques of strengthening, Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) strengthening is proved to be advantageous when compared to other techniques. FRPs are good to use in the construction of unique structures requires electrical neutrality. Carbon fibres have properties such as non-water absorbent, corrosion and chemical resistance. They also sustain fatigue well and neither shows any creep nor relaxation. Hence external wrapping of FRP on steel and concrete structures has been increasing recently. In this study, the compressivenature of the Concrete Filled steel-Tubes (CFT) confined with carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP) were investigated. CFT columns of varying heights are(0.9m, 1.2m, 1.5m and 1.8m) also the number of piles (single and double piles) are chosen as varying parameter to analyze the nature of CFRP confined CFT columns. From the experimental investigation, it can be concluded that CFT columns of height 0.9m confined with CFRP have higher compressive strength than other CFT columns for both single and double piles.
Keywords:  CFRP; CFT Column; Strengthening; Confinement; Compressive strength.

Cloud computing satisfies the requirement of various users, organization for improving their needs in high reliability. It suffers various security problems because of various kind of interaction by the different entities such as owner and user. Various level of security practices are imposed by the cloud vendors. The objective of the analysis is based on the cloud storage and data management including data access using query with multi keyword search. The data are access by generation the query in the form of keyword which needs different properties and attributes depending upon the interaction.The attribute based keyword search is performed with encryption and also analysis done based on multi level keyword search. The rank is calculated in dynamic manner for improving he search operation. Data privacy analysis is performed over the cloud storage with the integration of trust management technique. Authentication and authorization base analysis is done with various roles of the resources are allocated during the data retrieval. Cloud security practices and standards are reviewed with comparative analysis. The main aim is to make survey on the search of cloud data with maximum security and reliability.
Keywords:  Cloud Computing, Multi Keyword Search, Cloud Security, Cloud Storage, Privacy, Trust Management.

Data Mining is the way of determining new patterns from huge databases. Association rule is the dominant area in the field of data mining. Apriori algorithm is a famous step by step procedure for generating association rule, but it consumes most amount of time in scanning the database and also it generates vast amounts of candidate itemsets. In this paper, modify_apriori algorithm is proposed to reduce the overall time of the algorithm. Experimental outputs prove that our proposed algorithm is performing well than the traditional apriori algorithm.
Keywords: Association Rule Mining (ARM), support, confidence, candidate itemsets, frequent itemsets.

In the field of biomedical applications regenerative medicine or tissue engineering is most growing area in these days. For biomedical advancement, regenerative medicine is fast growing technique. Previous study and researchers suggest that synthesized naturally biomaterials are best for repair and healing damaged tissues. Some of previous researchers worked on chemical synthesized hydroxyapatite (HAp) for fabrication of implants/scaffolds and TE applications. Due to low durability and stability of HAp it has been reduced their application in biomedical or TE applications. Hap is a biocompatible and biodegradable mineral. In some previous work suggest that for fabrication of biocompatible scaffolds with natural HAp, reinforced with some synthetic polymers such as PLA, PLLA, PLGA, PEG and PVDF. These types of composites have better mechanical and physical properties and easy to fabricate scaffolds. Nano HAp powders are synthesized from eggshells because of its Ca/P ratio is 1.74 that is equal to human bone. In this paper study about applications of biopolymers and HAp composites for biomedical or TE applications.
Keywords:  Biomaterials, HAp, Synthetic Polymer, Biodegradable, Composites, Scaffolds

Automated applications are always welcome by the technical community and it encompasses different applications. Though there are numerous automated applications, the applications concerning traffic signage are scarce. As the traffic signage boards are placed on roads, they get fade or damage over time and suffer from environmental weather conditions such as snowfall, rainfall, high temperature and so on. Taking these challenges into account, this work presents an automated traffic signage detection and recognition system. The goal of this work is attained by decomposing the work into four phases such as pre-processing, area of interest, Pseudo-Zernike Moment (PZM) extraction and Kernelized Extreme Learning Machine (KELM) classification. The performance of the work is analysed in terms of recognition accuracy, precision, recall, F-measure and time consumption. The performance of work is tested over two publicly available datasets. The proposed approach proves better results with minimal time consumption rates.
Keywords:  Traffic signage recognition, automated signage detection, AoI extraction, KELM.

The biopolymers are the class of the engineering polymers which can be used for the applications such as food industry, additive manufacturing and biomedical applications. In the biomedical applications, polymeric composites cover the dental, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine preparations. The previous studies have been focused on the development of dental, tissues, and regenerative medicines by the help of the different manufacturing techniques. 3D printing is one of the most important manufacturing techniques by which the design configuration is easy and can manufacture the complex parts. It has been proposed the use of the different metal, fibers and oxides can helps to provide the functionalities in the polymeric matrix so that it can be better applied for the tissues, regenerative medicines and dental applications. This study is a state of the art review for the 3D printing of polymeric based composites materials for the dental, tissues engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
Keywords:  3D Printing, Biomaterials, Dental, Tissue Engineering, Polymers, Biomedical Applications

To provide a better Iris recognition system and to support the present authentication systems, a deep learning and Gabor transform based approach is proposed in this work. The U-Net based deep learning is a reliable algorithm that provides an accurate segmentation. Moreover, the Gabor transform contributes in the formation of feature vector and similarity matching is done by the Hamming distance. Finally the experimental results are presented based onthree different Iris database like CASIA, UBIRIS and IIT Delhi. This method achieves an averageaccuracy of 94.67% in the segmentation stage and recognition rate of 95.73%at the final stage. The simulations are carried out using the Mat lab tool which shows reliable and promising results.
Keywords:  Iris recognition, deep learning, U-Net, Gabor transform, Hamming distance.

The goal of this research is to propose a machine learning technique for seizure prediction in the Electro-Encephalo-Graph (EEG). In this proposed research work Children Hospital Boston-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (CHB-MIT) database and EEG data collected from Fortis Malar Hospital Research Institute India, and Seizure Prediction in Freiburg, Germany (FSPEEG) are used. The initial pre-processing involves artefact removal (baseline correction) and filtering. During the course of research, the non-seizure and pre-seizure features are collected through spectral, statistical and nonlinear methods and then Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, used for signal classification. The non-seizure and pre-seizure signals are labeled using the database gold standard and neurologist expertise is taken. The algorithms are optimized on pre-labeled non-seizure (normal) and pre-seizure by fine tuning the classifier. The efficiency of ANN classifier is analyzed. The achieved classification accuracy shows that the proposed forecasting of seizure method has potential in classifying seizure EEG signal. The efficiency of the analysis and classification results is presented. In this prediction work, subject independent and subject specific methods have been tested. The prediction accuracy is found out to be 79.54 % with mean prediction time 13:34 minutes for subject independent seizure prediction method. The subject specific method of prediction accuracy is found to be 88.00 % with 13:25 minutes.
Keywords:  Electroencephalograph, Spectral, Statistical, Nonlinear, Classifier, Prediction of seizure

Pesticides have been used for crop protection and reduce risk of crop loss since 2000BC. For good production they are extensively used in agricultural field, and in the race of more output in fields and by making crops free of insects and unwanted plants the use of pesticides increases with time and now due to which results of the pesticides use shows adverse effects on the living beings and on the ecosystem is currently an important issue which requires continuous track as it effects everyone which comes in contact of it. Now, this review contains summarization of the scientific reports concerning the exposure of pesticides which leads to complex lifel ongun favourable results on the health of humans and on the surrounding, which on result specially affects people like farmers and areas near to fields or can say areas devoted to agriculture. Even though their indubitably power and efficiency, many of these compounds reveal dangerous and poisonous effects to the environment and on human health.
Keywords:  Pesticides, human health,Ecosystem,insects and unwanted plants

The image database has rapidly increased in modern years. There are a large number of images being taken by the satellites. Thus particular image searching has turned out to be a very tedious task from the massive database of images, for the intended users. To avoid this difficulty a new Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is proposed for 21 classes of UC merced land use land cover dataset. Each class contains 100 remote sensing images which are analysed and retrieved using the novel method. The results show that the proposed attitude is high in accuracy, coverage ratio, F-score, ROC curve etc. when compared to other methods.
Keywords:  Content Based, Remote Sensing, Image Retrieval, Deep Learning, CNN.

The demand for automobile is increasing day by day, due to which emissions are spreading all over the country. These automobile vehicles emit several types of emissions like Carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrogen oxide (NOx), hydrocarbon (HC), and Particulate matter (PM) which are harmful to human health, global warming, air quality etc. because of the emission, the Indian automobile government implemented Bharat stage norms to reduce the emissions from the automobiles. In this review paper, we discussed the India 2000 to Bharat stage VI norms for passenger vehicles (Mtype). This paper is focusing on emission standards which are provided by The Automotive Research Association of India and also focusing on emissions control technologies like EGR, SCR, DPF, DOC etc. which is used in India 2000 to Bharat stage VI norms.
Keywords:  Bharat stage standard norms, India 2000 to Bharat stage VI norms, Control technologies, Emissions, M type vehicles

Due to the escalated utilization of digital images, it is difficult to access or retrieve the required digital image from a voluminous image database. This issue is handled by a Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) system, which prompts the user to pass an image as query and the CBIR system searches for the images that look similar to the query image. The CBIR system matches the query images with the images in the database by employing image processing algorithms. The proposed work presents a CBIR system based on Local Binary Pattern (LBP), gabor filter and zernike moment. All the extracted features are clubbed together after the application of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). Finally, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier discriminates between the images. The efficacy of the proposed work is tested with sensitivity, specificity, time consumption and so on. The energy consumption of the work is less, as the time consumption is reduced considerably.
Keywords: CBIR, energy efficiency, LBP, Gabor filter, Zernike’s moment.

Noise is an inherently subjective phenomenon that has long been associated with health and well-being. In order to reduce unwanted noise in the surroundings, messages can be displayed rather than using speakers to convey any information. Laser projectors offer potentially brighter projected images, with better colours. Lasers last longer than traditional projector lamps and are not as fragile and offer nearly instant ON or OFF. Hospital is a place where noise is usually prohibited. In this paper a cost effective system to display text information like “Keep Silence”, “Next patient Name” in free space using DIY laser in hospital front office is presented. Laser creates high definition display. This will be more attractive and noticeable to the viewers. The system is composed of Mirror Galvanometers, red laser, DAC and a microcontroller. Red laser light is used as it has the longest wavelength of 680nm, has high visibility, long life than blue or green lasers lights. Moreover, red laser is harmless to human being. The 20kpps mirror galvanometer is responsible for reflecting the laser beam. The Galvo motors are capable of twisting a mirror quickly and accurately. With the help of mirrors and Galvos, the laser beam is steered in X and Y direction to form patterns. The Galvos are driven with the help of DAC. The laser beam is pointed towards the Galvo mirrors and these mirrors reflect the laser beam in a particular direction outwards, towards free space. The Galvo mirror movements work in synchronization with the microcontroller. The digital signals from microcontroller are converted to analog signals by MCP4822, which is the input to the Galvo drivers. The reflected laser beam displays the text messages with high definition even in daylight. This laser projection technology realizes an innovative media presentation in a free space. Thus, an interactive content presentation system using laser display can be developed. It can also be used to display token numbers in counters, displaying flight information instead of announcement in airports and so on.
Keywords:  Mirror Galvanometers, Laser Projection, DIY Laser, DAC.

Providing security on the cloud is of major concern where majority of the applications are deployed on it in the recent past. Securing the data being transmitted on fly requires techniques that make a tunnel between the receiver and transmitter. Intruders concentrate on the hacking these systems using novel techniques. Hence, there is a need for development of security techniques that provide secure as well as fast transmission. In this, paper a novel Zstandard combined coding scheme is proposed to provide such security and fast transmission. Zstandard is known for its better compression in contrast to the existing compression techniques. Using this standard data compression is performed initially. The compressed data is then processed using an AES algorithm that provides an unreadable format which can also be unaltered using any decryption techniques that uses apriori knowledge of dictionary based schemes. The keys are randomly generated and a two-level key generation is applied for providing additional security. Several attacks are simulated on the proposed framework to observe the intrusion status. Results show that the proposed system is effective in providing better security on the side of reducing storage and computational complexity. The system is effective in transmitting data at a faster rate when compared to the single stage compression technique.
Keywords:  Cloud Computing, Compression, Encryption and ZStandard.

In the promotion of cloud computing amenities provenance aware approaches play an optimistic role in policy management. The disparate ways in policy structures evaluated in different layers of cloud architectures addresses the issue of policy management. In this work we propose provenance aware audit trail assessment in regard of policy monitoring for SaaS provisioning. The auditors assess the policy range which was tagged in SLA for the commencement of SaaS provisioning between consumer and provider. The auditor retrieves the policy structure from the Meta data form and apply a monitoring approach mechanism on policy range to its respective commitments which are endorsed in SLA by the consumer and provider. This auditor trail assessment decision model allows the consumer to express his sensitivity on provider’s offers in tracking the policy range at an instance in monitoring scenario.
Keywords:  Service Level Agreement (SLA), Policy Monitoring, Audit trail, Cloud Auditor, Provenance aware approach.

For clean generation of electricity, wind energy has been used as an important source in recent years. Due to this, demand for wind turbines in an electrical power system is increasing day by day which can also influence the overall behavior of the system. The variable nature of wind results in many technical issues that affect the quality of power flows in the system and also limit their expansion. An attempt has been made in this paper to know how the operational wind conditions affect the quality of power in the system. Analysis of output power of wind turbine versus speed of rotor for different wind speeds has been presented in the form of a graph in this paper. Rotor speed and wind speed under different seasons have also been analyzed to know the impact of it for extracting power from wind energy conversion system
Keywords:  Wind speed, Rotor speed, Turbine, power, Pitch angle.

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) is a gathering of mobile nodes with a dynamic (changing) topology and it work under versatile circumstances for some requests and source different security contest. Perceiving the trouble making is a dreary issue, in view of the nomadic idea of nodes. For perceiving the terminus route, nodes will share the routing subtleties among the neighbors. Along these lines, nodes should trust each other, and here, trust is the primary concern in secure routing instrument. AOSR protocol is projected in our work by expanding the AODV protocol, which works as indicated by the novel trust instrument, an improved appropriated reliable secure routing protocol. Here, in view of the trust estimations of its neighbor nodes, the node chooses the routing choice. What's more, finally, proposed technique adjusts the traditional AODV routing protocol with the limitations of belief rate, energy, and mobility. As per the malevolent conduct expectation. From the test result it is affirmed that the AOSR can evade the hateful nodes viably when assembling the route; in adding, it additionally achieves the better exhibition when contrasted and TSDRP and DTMAC as for amount, packet distribution ratio, and normal start to finish delay.
Keywords:  Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET), AODV, Trust management, Secure Routing.

Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and initially planning for treatment can increase the survival rate depending on the staging of the patient. The study consists of Axial CT image is being considered with “Squamous cell carcinoma” (SCC) has been used for analysis with region of interest (ROI) in left lower lobe. The parameters such as Area, Standard deviation and mean are being obtained for the ROI using the same radiological features from NSCLC Radiomics-Genomics database. A statistical work with for sorting out the tumor area using non parametric test has been done. SCC tumour area in male lung and female lung states that there is a significant data flow pattern ascertain to the imaging dimensions.
Keywords:  NSCLC, Image Segmentation, Radiographic Images, Cancer and Non Parametric Test.

Environmental contamination has presented and kept on making explicit and convoluted issues. The unsustainable generation and utilization examples bring about squander that can hurt wellbeing and the earth. In view of fast populace development and urbanization, industrialization procedure and provincial to urban movement, strong waste administration is turning out to be increasingly more basic presently, being an issue in quickly developing urban focuses in creating nations. All these undermine the wellbeing and prosperity of occupants, obstruct channels which add to flooding and the spread of sickness, and fill in as reproducing justification for neurotic living beings. This paper surveys a few parts of the present status of strong waste administration, and plans to (1) look at the present status and patterns in strong waste amounts, types, and sources; (2) break down the strong waste age, considering Vietnam as a contextual analysis; (3) feature the key issues in strong waste administration, for example, squander taking care of, institutional jobs and limit, the legitimate structure, and monetary issues for this situation; (4) give suggestion to improving strong waste administration. By 2010, civil waste age is relied upon to increment by more than 60 percent. Furthermore, extending urbanization, joined with mechanical development and the modernization of social insurance administrations, will prompt a critical increment in dangerous and unsafe medicinal services squander age, presenting genuine wellbeing concerns if not appropriately oversaw. The nation has reacted with a sound legitimate structure, a forceful venture plan, just as an accentuation on improving neighborhood administrations, particularly in significant urban communities
Keywords: Municipal Solid Waste Management, Solid Waste, Environmental contamination, CO2 Emissions, World Population.

Facial makeup transfer interprets cosmetics style from a known reference cosmetics face picture toward a different non-cosmetics one and save the face character. Such an occasion level transform problem is more testing than ordinary area level exchange errors, particularly when combined information is inaccessible. Cosmetics style is likewise not quite the same as worldwide styles in that it consists of a few nearby styles/beautifying agents, including eye shadow, lip-stick, establishment, etc. Separating and exchanging such nearby and fragile cosmetics data is impossible for present style exchange strategies. This issue is addressed by joining both worldwide space level misfortune and nearby occurrence level misfortune in a double information/yield Generative Adversarial Network, named BeautyGAN. In particular, discriminators who identify generated images from the genuine examples of the areas guarantee space-level exchanges. The case level loss in separate neighborhood facial districts is determined by a pixel-level histogram loss. Losses such as perceptual failure and loosing period continuity are shown to create awesome faces and pre-serve characteristics. The general target work empowers the system to learn interpretation on occurrence level by means of unsupervised adversarial learning. We likewise develop another cosmetics dataset that comprises of 3834 high-goals face pictures. Broad examinations demonstrate that BeautyGAN could create outwardly wonderful cosmetics faces and exact exchanging results.
Keywords:  Generative Adversial Networks, Makeup Transfer, Image Processing, BeautyGAN.

Information security is one of the major concerns in major Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs). The process of exchanging wireless message between vehicles and road side unit (RSU) for security applications experiences variance in processing delay due to varying factors such as speed, traffic density. This leads to side channel attack a very severe in VANETs as wireless networks resources experience variance in processing delay by RSU. To reduce the conflict between vehicles speed, authentication process and traffic intensity in this work proposes Monte Carlo Markov Chain for Vehicular Ad-hoc networks (MCMC VANETS). The proposed work incorporates a sampler which associates the likelihood function and prior values to estimate the posterior values as the vehicles moves across the network. Control packet communication between the vehicles and RSU provides higher network reliability within the lane and reroute vehicle in congested situation. Simulation verification of the proposed work is validated with Network simulator 2.
Keywords: MCMC VANETS, Posterior probability, Side channel attacks, road side unit, vehicles speed.

Underwater routing with sink located above the surface of water is subjected to unfair transmissions of sensors due to higher propagation speed. Thus biased communication occurs at specific sensors during transmission time slot causing void. Fluid Queue based Underwater Protocol for Congestion Avoidance (FQUPCA) is proposed with forwarding using virtual time allocated between source nodes and forwarding nodes. Number of blocked and unblocked transmission within the virtual time is calculated with forwarding capabilities enabled to provide fairness at intermediate nodes. The stratified solutions of bottleneck at different depths and the link oriented data transmission are avoided using FQUPCA. Thus the number of normal nodes and its disconnected paths are provided with time slots using simulation with multi hop transmission at varying depths. Thus underutilized problem of sensor nodes is being provided for optimal utilization with time sharing schemes for forwarding. FQUPCA protocol is simulated with aquasim based networking simulator for gradually increasing transmission radius such that void happens at sensor nodes nearer to sink. The recovery procedure aided using deficit round robin algorithm increases the transmissions providing data transfer from sensors to sink.
Keywords:  Channel utilization, Congestion avoidance and Underwater wireless sensors.

The paper presents a single integrated platform to connect all the organizations at the time of disaster to manage the disaster more efficiently and quickly. At the time of any disaster, the whole system is thrown into chaos and is disorganized. This leads to various mistakes and loss of communication between the parties who are responsible for managing the disaster. By providing a common platform for everyone to communicate, we can avert many mishaps and provide an effective relief to the disaster, allows us to reduce the cost of damage, helps us to save more lives and provide better support. We propose the idea of using cutting edge technologies to make this happen.
Keywords:  Disaster, Blockchain, Smart Contract, Chain code, Cloud, AWS, IOT.

Building materials are always regarded as essential components for constructing living spaces which would help in good habitation of human beings. One of the most commonly used materials is brick that is used to construct any area. The cost & nature is considered as one of the factors to decide the efficiency of the material along with other properties that contribute to the strength & durability of the whole structure. From ancient times our one of the major concerns is related to housing and we have used many methods to build our homes using various materials & in that process the brick has also gone under a revolution of changes making it commercially more accessible along with making it more productive in terms of fulfilling the requirements. The concept of Adobe bricks came in the early days when there was little technological advancement took place though the quality of mud, made the prospect of using these type of bricks very famous for construction of houses which could be seen even in the present time especially regions of Sahara Desert & areas which are less likely to be get any moisture trouble. The durability & its degradation in quality coming in contact with moisture posed a serious concern over the maintenance of the structure resulting in the decreasing value of Adobe bricks. At present the conventional brick we use for general construction work is considered far superior in terms moisture absorption & cost effective nature.
Keywords: Durability, Strength, Degradation, Fiber, Earth work.

The increased awareness on devastating effect of synthetically developed materials towards the nature has resulted in the development of eco-friendly and sustainable materials. Natural fibers are weak on its own so, they are used as reinforcement in polymers. The objectives of the current work are focused on fabricating and testing epoxy-nanocomposites reinforced with different concentrations of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). MWCNT-epoxy resin nanocomposites are prepared with the help of ultrasonic cell crusher and compression moulding process. Samples are subjected to different mechanical testing such as tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact strength and hardness test in accordance with ASTM standards. It is found that the mechanical performance of MWCNT-epoxy nanocomposites are improved significantly with the addition of MWCNTs. Pin-on-disc (POD) was used to analyse the tribological characteristics of nanocomposites at varying loading conditions. Worn surfaces of POD samples are analysed using Scanning electron microscope (SEM) to elucidate the wear mechanisms. In addition, it is experimentally proven that strong interaction between epoxy and MWCNTs exist and it helps to improve the interfacial strength between the particles.
Keywords:  Eco-friendly, Sustainable, Polymer, MWCNT, Nanocomposites, Tribology

Mineralization of non-biodegradable calcitrant water contaminants by hydroxyl free radicals into CO2, H2O & mineral acid on the adsorbing nanocrystalline surface of TiO2 Photocatalyst has proven to be an effective approach for treatment of filthy waste water. Redox reaction on photocatalytic surface for emergence of hydroxyl free radicals is the principle of photocatalytic degradation of non-biodegradable water pollutants. Quantity of photocatalyst as well as water pollutants affects the kinetics of photocatalytic degradation reactions. Doping of TiO2 surface with dopants (Fe,Nb,S and Al) ions upgrades its efficiency and increases the rate of photocatalytic degradation.
Keywords:  Photocatalyst, Water, Semiconductor, TiO2 surface, Mineralization

The composites of the metal matrix are gaining attentions as they have some very significant applications especially in areas like automobiles, aerospace etc. and also in several other engineering areas.The reason behind for their increasing demands are due to their very good mechanical, physical and chemical properties. The present investigation mainly concentrates on work done in order to explorean alloy of Al made up of the oxide of Al is synthesized with the help of a method involving a new vortex combination and the technique pressurized of die casting. The "Dry-sliding" wearing properties that are possessed by the Al alloy metal matrix of oxide of Al (Al2O3) are done by having a testing setup (apparatus) "Pin on Disc" wear test apparatus in the temperature is kept 25°C (room temperature). The alteration on the properties relating to the tribology of the MMC pin are due to the speed of sliding and the normal loads when it is slide with disc of steel En36 are thus determined. The rate of wearing that increases as well as the value of the speed of sliding and that of normal loading increases. The rate of the specific wear is inversely proportional to the normal loads. Also the friction coefficient reduces in accordance with the value of the normal loading and the speed of sliding. The rate of wearing and the coefficient of friction Al alloy of oxide of Al MMC is having a lesser value as compared with the normal alloy of Al.
Keywords: Aluminum alloy, aluminum oxide, dies casting, friction, wear.

The Europe developed system works with replacement of the ineffective concrete in the center of the slab. High-density polyethylene hollow spheres were used for creating the void and their arch action provides sufficient strength. This concept of linking results in 35% effective decrease in the dead weight of the slab with increased capacity of same thickness. The total material cost, structural efficiency and the dead weight can be significantly cut down using this biaxial concept of slab construction. As the amount of ineffective concrete is saved all the unnatural emission of gasses in production and transportation are reduced making this a green technology as well. These slabs are henceforth thinner, lighter and stronger as well as comparison with conventional slab. Ascrupulous review of bubble deck slab and its properties was being carried out in this paper. The main objective of this paper is to study the structural behavior of bubble deck slab under various conditions in order to gain an understanding on this new technique and to compare it to the current slab systems.
Keywords: Bubble deck slab, High-density polyethylene spheres, biaxial slab, voided slabs, light weight structures.

Cellular network technologies have evolved to support the ever-increasing wireless data traffic, which results from the rapidly-evolving Internet.Recently, the craziness of smart devices takes the mobile traffic data system with the quicker improvement. Through taking the high development of mobile traffic system, the mobile communication function makes to get upgrade through the core system and then elaborate the data capability through its systems, by making variations through calculated developing mobile system growth, there is restricted effect. With extra the most of the present double Radio Access Technology (multi- RAT) analysis has to be needs through both servers and then the clients, else need to be emission capability bottleneck issue occurred through packet ordering again. Hence the discussed system the SDN – depending many – RAT bandwidth calculated system through organised the transmission way choosing through Dikhstra along bat method and forwarding through Wi-Fi, LTE, then on another multi-RAT. Through bat methodology helps for denoting the amount of cost through transferring packets through user edge with other through calculated bandwidth. Through the Dijkstra system helps by picking the random members through certain path, hence it can make utilized for forwarding packet of data in between the customer edge in the network. The discussed SDN- depend many RAT bandwidth calculated through finite system that can emit the circular system, getting solving the network QoS needs through the User Equipment (UE) ending and enhancing the use through entire network by the present network emission then the behaviours of the method flow by the UE.
Keywords:  Resource management, Software defined wireless sensor networking, multiple Radio Access Technology, Dijkstra with bat algorithm Wireless sensor networks,Bandwidth Aggregation.

The influence of internal heat source on thermoelasticbehaviour of a semi-infinite solid cylinder is studied. The transient heat conduction equation is considered and mathematical model of thermoelastic problem is formulated. The finite Hankel transform and Fourier transform are applied to solve the governing equations.The thermoelasticitytheory formed on solution of Navier’s equation consisting Goodier’s thermoelastic displacement potential, Michell’s function have been used for discussion and analysis of thermoelastic characteristics. To evaluate and verify the results numerically, a mathematical model for iron (pure) material is prepared . The impact on temperature , displacement and the stress distributions are represented with the help of graphs drawn using Matlab software.
Keywords:  Thermoelastic characteristics, Internal Heat source, Finite Hankel transform, Fourier transform.

Diagnosis based on Medical-image is a challenging task and in different medical images, medical experts may overlook the small lesions because of human visual system’s limited attention span. However, through an effective Content-Based Medical Image Retrieval (CBMIR) system, similar cases in previous medical database are explored for resolving this problem. Accurate detection and identification of brain tumor is highly a challenging problem. Using an artificial Intelligence technique, brain MRI medical images retrieval system based on classification is proposed and it is termed as an enhanced Deep Residual Convolutional Neural Network (DResCNN) with Harmony Search Optimization (HSO). Initially, median and mean filtering are used for removing noise from brain MRI images. Next ROI segmentation stage is performed for image representation is simplified or changed as a something, which is easy for analysis. In segmentation step, foreground and background subtraction is performed. For extracting features, through a DResCNN model, segmented image is passed from last convolutional layer in third stage. Obtained the deep feature vector, where, for a specified input image, hidden complex structures-high level representation are represented as feature vectors-low-level representation. At last in classification stage, for detecting brain tumors, according to minimum distance, specified input images are assigned with a class label. Fossssr enhancing accuracy of classification, aDResCNNis introduced for brain tumor detection with HSO optimization algorithm. On Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain images data set, for quality and performance analysis, DResCNN-HSO proposed classifier’s experimental results are validated and evaluated.
Keywords:  Content-Based Medical Image Retrieval (CBMIR), Region Of Interest (ROI), Deep Residual Convolutional Neural Network (DResCNN), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Harmony Search Optimization (HSO).

This paper represents the behavior of Porous Radiant Burner (PRB) in household combustion uses and this paper is also about disposal of the industrial wastewith the help of PRB .PRB is created to work in the range of 5-10KW of firing rate, in this case the PRB uses of twofold layer Porous media innovation .PRB layers consist of Silicon Carbide (Sic) and Alumina (Al2O3) porous matrices and both are acting as preheat zone and combustion zone. All the parameters of the PRB that we investigate keeps the metric boundaries of the burner consistent. The equivalence ratio (ϕ) and firing rate (5-10 KW) with stable operating range based on 0.75-0.97. Tests were performed with the same variable in a conventional burner (CB) to get comparative analysis of combustion in PRB due to which pollutant emissions from such burners are low. When we compare it with its counterpart? Efficiency i.e. improved and declined 95% and 85% CO and NOx emission values in a Porous Radiant Burner (PRB).
Keywords:  Porous Radiant Burner; compressed Biogas; consumption; Cooking Applications; Thermal Efficiency.

A large amount wastes from industry like bagasse ash, steel slag, and furnace slag are increased and disposal of it becomes a very serious problem. It is necessary to utilize industrial wastes effectively for sustainable development. This study shows the effect of slag from steel industry (SS), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and cement slag (CS) individually on bagasse ash (BA) stabilize high plastic expansive clay. It is very essential to choose material based on various properties and the chemical constitutions. Atterberg limits, strength characteristics, swell properties and X-ray fluorescence analysis have been examined for different percent mix of (BA-CS, BA-GGBS, and BA-SS) to find optimum proportion for the stabilization of high plastic clay. Wetting- drying cycle on the untreated and optimum proportion of all mixes has been carried out to check the durability of the mix under seasonal variation. Performance evaluation study shows that steel slag in powder form is less effective in combination with bagasse ash to improve the clay, whereas 15% and 10% BA with 7.5 % GGBS and CS respectively can be considered as the most effective stabilizer to treat high plastic expansive clay of study area, which reduces the swelling characteristics and improve the strength.
Keywords:  Bagasse ash, blast furnace slag, Expansive soil, Cement slag, Steel slag.

Recognition and analysis of a fault diagnosis has a crucial role to ensure safe operation of power system. To overcome all existing drawbacks of fault location identification. Utilizing phasor measurement units, an algorithm is proposed to identify and locate faults in large transmission network. This is done to know the specific area of the location of fault by using following process as; initially voltage amplitude and current measure is calculated by using PMU data. After the calculation of voltage amplitude and current measure Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) start its extraction process. After the extraction of voltage and current measurements Faulted Bus Identification (FBI) index is calculated only for the PMU voltage measurements. Subsequently, set the maximum value of measured FBI index as threshold. At the same time, Data correlation analysis is performed on the taken raw PMU data. After this analysis, ring law used for calculation of Mean spectral radius (MSR).Accordingly, artificial neural network (ANN) is trained by using the calculated MSR. Finally, the trained ANN decides the exact fault location using the chosen threshold value. The method is tested and analyzed on the IEEE 13 bus systems for various fault conditions as well as implemented in the platform of MATLAB.
Keywords:  Discrete Wavelet Transform, False Bus Identification, Artificial Neural Network, Data Correlation Analysis, Ring Law, Mean Square Radius.

Electric grid such as micro-grid, Nano-grid, and smart grid are the evolving concept in power generation, which is significantly involving several interested researchers due to its potential to extend the applications of the distributed generations (DGs), especially by applying renewable energy resources (RERs). This review aims to summarize the different RERs and various simulation tools that can better performance analysis in terms of feasibility study, reliability, power loss, economic analysis, and fault detection.
Keywords:  Renewables; microgrids; control tools, modelling tools, hybrid energy systems.

In construction, all types of structures have use of concrete. Due to its various properties, it has replaced a number of materials. The demand of concrete at economical bases is another task now. When concrete is used in Civil Engineering structure, it has to transfer different types of load safely. This study has been done to improve the compressive and tensile strength of the concrete with addition of polypropylene fibres. Properties of all materials were tested before mixing of concrete and mix design for M25 concrete is done as per IS 10262-2009 code for mix design of concrete. Concrete with 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5% is prepared. Compressive and tensile strength were tested at 7days, 14 days and 28 days respectively. Significance improvement in Compressive and tensile strength were observed in addition to 1.5% polypropylene blended fibres. Almost 14% increase in compressive strength and 16% increase in split tensile strength were observed in the comparison of conventional concrete.
Keywords:  Cement concrete, Polypropylene fibres, Compressive strength, Tensile Strength, Sustainable.

This research article focus on the study of various factors influencing the performance of photovoltaic plants. A review on influence factors such as yield factors, quality factors, efficiency and loss factors of Photovoltaic plant with climate, PV plant size, and PV technologies is presented. The effect of seasonal and technological variations on the performance parameters is analyzed considering two power plants of 200 kWp and 190 kWp grid-integratedPV systems in India. Interestingly, the yield factor is maximum and minimumin summerand winter respectively, whereas it is moderate for pc-si and mc-si technologies. Moreover, the quality factor and loss factor are depending on cell temperatures and solar irradiation; system efficiency is maximum in winter and minimum in summer seasons. The analysis findings will allow researchers to understand a detailed overview of the various factors that may influence the PV panels’ performance by eliminating the strain of having to look for several reports in each group of factors.
Keywords:  solar plants, photovoltaics, PV performance, factors for PV performance, capacity factors, solar plant energy loss.

Green cloud computing is the one of the way in digital world help us to standardization of Media and for better provisioning of services. In cloud computing infrastructure storage is an essential service which enables the database outsourcing. with this typical scenario, encryption must be implemented to maintain the control of outsourced data by data owner. The cryptographic approach Searchable Encryption allows protecting the user sensitive data and searching the private keyword among the encrypted database. In database outsourcing, cloud infrastructure requires multiple user searchable encryptions. We propose a system as inter cloud architecture along with multi user searchable encryption.
Keywords:  cloud computing, searchable encryption, private keyword, encrypted database, inters cloud architecture.

In worldwide, a versatile material cement concrete is used. Various Studies are done to improve the quality and performance of cement concrete. Researchers are working to improve the durability of concrete along with its strength properties. A new change is there in the field of research to give more priority to the performance of the concrete. This study has been done on the self compacted concrete (SCC) which is a high performance concrete (HPC). Self compacted concrete grade M80 prepared and its flow ability has been checked with L-box and slump flow test. Various strengths of the above prepared concrete have been tested with different sizes of coarse aggregates. Aggregates of 10mm, 12.5mm, 16mm and 20mm were used in this research. It has been noticed that a smaller size of aggregate gives more strength. 10 mm aggregate gives better strength then the other size of aggregate in mix design. Hence a smaller size of aggregate can be adopted to achieve the good strength of cement concrete. Smaller size of aggregate also helps to increase the flow ability of cement concrete which helps to make the concrete self compacted concrete. Bigger size of aggregate, higher chances of segregation and harshness of the mix is observed.
Keywords: Cement concrete, Coarse aggregate, Compressive strength, Tensile Strength, Self compacted.

Image segmentation is a process that helps to engage multiple fractions of the given input medical images for diagnostic purposes. The primary objective of segmenting the images is detecting the boundaries and the localization of the object. In the Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) of the brain, the tumor/aneurysm portions are not envisioned due to the presence of white matter (WM), gray matter (GM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and some other noises present in it. At present, this is a huge problem for the doctors to identify the tumor exactly. In this paper, we proposed a method for safe engineering application that combines Fuzzy K-Means (FKM) clustering and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) Optimization to produce the segmented image of the MRI brain. ABC optimization is one of a stochastic method, based on the population of bees and its behavior that helps in obtaining solutions for numerous optimization problems. Many researchers generally preferred FKM, because it is an exclusive algorithm for the clustering process. Compared to the conventional clustering methods, FKM helps to segment the tissues of brain (GM, WM & CSF) and the tumor/aneurysm region efficaciously. The proposed method is tested on both low-grade and high-grade images of Brats 2013 dataset, the segmented results and the performance measure values obtained are remarkably better compared to earlier methods and they are applied in safe engineering application.
Keywords:  MRI Segmentation, Fuzzy K– Means (FKM), Fuzzy C– Means (FCM), Artificial Bee Colony Optimization (ABC), Image Segmentation.

The plate heat exchanger is the type of semi compact type heat exchanger which has been used in industrial application. The present works proved that use of nanofluids have enhanced the performance over the conventional fluids. The heat transfer coefficient (HTC) augmentation with increase in nanoparticles concentration and fluid temperature while the pressure drop also augmentation with nanoparticles concentration. The enhancement in heat transfer performance is more than increase in pressure drop. The performance of plate heat exchanger is enhanced by 35% as compared to the base fluid in same operating conditions.
Keywords:  Plate heat exchanger, nanofluids, heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop

Concrete consumes a lot of natural resources such as sand and gravel along with the cement. Energy-saving now days is a determining factor for building performance and concrete is one of the aspects that should be taken into consideration is to minimize the heat exchange through concrete members, particularly slab. One of the methods of treating heat exchange in buildings is adding materials that would improve thermal properties. This paper aims to investigate the impact of using the Waste of Recycled Plastic WRP on the thermal properties of concrete, particularly thermal conductivity. Authors have designed six mixes; a reference mix and five WRP percentages of the cement without replacement. Samples have been tested for thermal conductivity and strength after 28 days of curing. The results showed that thermal conductivity is significantly decreasing as the percentage pf WRP increasing. Adding 25% of WRP to the mix has led to 23.87% decline in the thermal conductivity. The results are encouraging for more research to use WRP in concrete since it has a double-action effect in terms of thermal conductivity and environmental issue as factories have to get rid of WRP and dispose to the landfills.
Keywords: concrete, thermal conductivity; waste, recycled plastic, Resources.

In"this work, spatial analysis of Relative humidity at 36 cities in Iraq was analyzed during 1980-2017. Also, the Seasonal and annual humidity were analyzed using the Mann Kendall test to detect the important trend, where the results showed that the trend during the winter, spring, summer and Autumn have a negative highest value of summer and was 5.18 °C/season in Basra city. The spatial analysis of ArcGIS showed that the annual and monthly seasonal relative humidity can be divided into two or three northern, southern and eastern sections with high relative humidity in the northern regions for winter, spring and southern regions in summer and autumn, and decreases towards the eastern regions of Iraq. The spatial trend with respect to relative humidity indicates that the decrease starts from north to east in the winter and spring seasons. As for summer and autumn, the decreasing occurs from south to east, and therefore the highest monthly value of relative humidity reached by Iraq is concentrated in the month (June, July and August) in the southeastern regions of the country in the summer.
Keywords:  Iraq, Trend, Temporal and spatial relative humidity, Mann-Kendall, GIS.

Nowadays many engineering scientists research focuses on the use of natural resources and its sustainability and all that is one of the main importance of green engineering using all the unit operations to reaches this aim. This paper investigates the treatment of contaminated agricultural irrigation water drainage channels as one of the sustainable biorefineries for irrigation purposes. Two main channels, Al-Dawoodi north of Baghdad across the land ofDiyala Governorate to end in Al-Rashidiya and KSD channel east of Baghdad. Magnetic treatment was done by manufacturing a device locally (5000 gauss)), it was used with three different flow rates of water (0.16, 0.25, 0.48) m³/hr during contact time (two hours) for each flow with studying the water retention period for the acquired changes of its properties after the magnetization for each water channel separately. The results showed that using of Magnetic field in treating water of Al- Dawoodi and KSD channels reduced (EC, TDS, TSS, heavy metal (Ca, Na, Mg, Cl, So4), COD and BOD5) for both channels, the best results achieved at a flow rate (0.16 m³/hr) where for KSD channel (31.03 %,42.4%, 88%, 50%, 68.2%, 48.3%, 59.4%, 17.1%, 57%, 51.3%), respectively and Al-Dawoodi channel (24%, 23.48%, 79%, 37.7%, 39%, 45%, 32.7%, 6.2%, 50%, 53.7%), respectively either SAR decreased at all flow rates but its decrease at a lower flow rate (0.16 m³/hr) for KSD channel was within the permissible standard. The result showed water retains the acquired properties for 24 hours after removing the magnetic field
Keywords:  Green Engineeing, unit operation, sustaniblity, wastewater treatment.

Moving bed biofilm reactor MBBR technology arose as a possibility to improve the ability of treatment and to allow more lightweight treatment systems built to eliminate high organic loads, because in addition to keeping biomass in suspension as the active sludge method, biomass is often adhered to plastic supports. MBBR method uses biological carrier as a near-water density medium to hold it in suspension with limited mixing energy given by aeration or mechanical mixing. The benefits of the MBBR process involve constant running of the reactor without a possibility for clogging, no backwash requirement, sludge recirculation, low head failure, and high-specific biofilm. This can be accomplished by introducing more biofilm carrier elements to the reactor. Current active sludge process may be converted to an MBBR process to accommodate expanded loads without increasing current reactor volume. Cost of the synthetic media must be considered for such costs.
Keywords: MMBR in wastewater, biofilm carriers, wastewater treatment, biological treatment.

The Evolution of Alternate Fuels like CNG, Bio-Diesel, Hydrogen, Ethanol, etc. has been of great importance due to the sustained depletion of petroleum reserves and their contribution towards pollution. Alternate energy sources, to get more interested in research work. This paper contains investigating the behaviour of different alternate fuels based on combustion characteristics under different parameter conditions. The present study evaluates the effect of bio-diesel, CNG, hydrogen and alcoholic fuels on exposure to exhaust emissions in a small internal combustion engine (causing oxidation to diesel fuel)
Keywords:  Fuels, Engines, Emission, Combustion, Hydrogen.

Aggressive behavior and delayed diagnosis are the leading causes of cancer deaths. Early detection of lung cancer (LC) is essential for human existence and challenge. Typically, chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) is used to identify malignant nodules; However, having empty nodes leads to wrong decisions. In the early stages, malignant and malignant nodules are similar to each other. In this study, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), recursive neural network and recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are deliberated for categorizing the image and Total Generalized Variation Fuzzy c-means clustering (TGVFCMS) for image segmentation. In these three different classification techniques are separately analysed to verify the proposed performance the proposed classification techniques. The regularization parameter is used to sense of balance the relative significance of the penalty among the whole image and each environment. The chief benefit of this method over traditional FCM-based systems is that it can recover high-noise image samples with little loss. Additional to improve the proposed system performance in this work, the Gaussian filtering of LOG pre-processing and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) based transformations is applied.In this model, LIDC-IDRI dataset is used to analyse the results in the form of Dice coefficient 93.5%, Jaccard index 87.8% and accuracy 97.1% for segmentation for classification of proposed CNN has archive sensitivity 99.50% specificity 93.50% and accuracy 96.58% better results were obtained compared to the traditional scheme.
Keywords: computed tomography (CT), Lung cancer, Total Generalized Variation Fuzzy c-means clustering (TGVFCMS), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT).

With the advent of machine learning and deep learning algorithms, wireless sensor networks have taken a new dimension in terms of applications, security, and routing mechanisms. Even though secured data transmission and routing algorithms need brighter light of research since the number of interconnected devices increases exponentially with the time. Hence the paper proposes the new machine learning algorithm-based intrusion detection systems for a valid classification of the attacks. The proposed algorithm REST (Run-length based Single Feedforward Layer Triggered IDS) works on three different phases, such as the Data Collection unit, Run-length Feature Extraction Phase, and Classification Phase. The proposed algorithms have been implemented and evaluated in the WSN routing protocols such as LEACH and AODV in which the various parameters such as accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated. Also, the proposed machine learning algorithms-based intrusion detection system (IDS) has been compared with the other existing machine learning algorithm in which the proposed algorithm has outperformed other algorithms in terms of performance and detection.
Keywords:  Run-length Features, Single Feed-forward layers, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), LEACH, AODV.

The traditional approach to prevent fatigue was through the limitations in the flight time and the duty time which are given by Flight Time Limitation (FTL) Schema. This can be done by limiting the number of hours aircrew can work and specifying the minimum rest time which is required before the commencement of each flight duty period.The proposed system will consider the details like the work hours, sleep hours of the crew of the flight trips rather than the limitation of the flight time and duty time. It supports the safe application of such FTL Schemes by recognizing the need for aircrew to be adequately rested and mitigating the fatigue before the start of the duty and during flying duties by facilitating both proactive and reactive interventions in relation to the implementation of FTL Schemes. It is useful for the management of crew mainly due to a fact that lack of knowledge about the fatigue and related dangers has led to several aviation accidents and incidents. This paper analyses and reports the risks related to issues of fatigue with regard to air transport, thus ensures the safety of airline operations.The Fatigue Mitigation and Sleep Prediction aims to ensure that the crew members can operate at an expected level and are sufficiently alert. The proposed system seeks to achieve a balance among the safety, productivity and the cost of the crew and it aims at continuously monitoring the fatigue and mitigate it as much as possible and thereby reducing the complete risk of the pilot.The Proposed System takes three important points called work, sleep and fatigue and the model is constructed. These three contribute the Three Point Model(TPM).In case of any deviation of the actual planned trips the proposed system gives a way to edit the work and sleep details and can be used to generate the TPM Model with the updated details. Therefore it is useful for re-computation of the risks at multiple points in a flight journey.
Keywords: FTL Schema, Fatigue Mitigation,sleep prediction, Three Point Model,Sustainable.

The WHO (World Health Organization) classifies COVID-19 as a pandemic. During December 2019 the virus started in the Wuhan district of China and now affects almost everyone in the entire world. It is especially dangerous as it is an airborne disease and spreads due to normal human activities like talking, coughing, exhaling, etc. Since the virus can spread so quickly, there is a need to understand the data that the virus generates as it can help various organizations be ready for future needs. The more prepared a country is during the pandemic, the better it can handle new cases. To do this, we must be able to find the trends in the virus. Therefore to understand the rate at which the virus spreads, we used the COVID-19 dataset complied by The Ministry Of Health & Family Welfare to forecast the future values of the COVID-19 pandemic in the country of India. This paper presents a novel approach of applying the Autoregressive Model, which is a reliable and effective model to forecast COVID-19 data of India. Our method helps in various areas of the historical crisis and forecasts the rise/fall of new patients, the number of beds required, the allocation of medical resources, etc. The results we achieved are very close to the actual data of the virus, assuming that the available historical data is accurate, and so are the forecasts. The work done can be reused, modified by others as we provide the source code as an executable.
Keywords:  COVID-19, Autoregression, Forecasting, Prediction, Data Visualization

The recent advancement in the field of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) gained more attention of researchers towards security aspects of video surveillance systems. A video surveillance system consists of security cameras installed in the monitoring area. Image enhancement in terms of noise reduction and background object detection has become one of the most challenging processes in the field of video surveillance systems. The presented paper surveys the state of art video surveillance technologies which detects complex background of an image very efficiently and poses cost and computational effectiveness. The in-depth investigation towards design constraints also ensures the effectiveness of the proposed study to formulate significant approach towards more efficient electronic surveillance systems product design for Make in India purpose.
Keywords: Electronic Surveillance, Object Detection, Image Enhancement,Security,real time events.

With the advent of the internet, the entire world has become a global village. Despite finding maximum utilization worldwide, the internet’s full potential is yet to be explored, as many things are not connected. In order to achieve this, a new technology called the Internet of Things (IoT) is being developed, which works mainly on the aim of “connecting the unconnected”. The practical applications of IoT are found in various fields such as agriculture, health care (Human and Animal), defense, space science, etc. This paper deals with the application of IoT in animal health care. The cow population is the highest in India, which is the largest milk-producing country in the world, accounting for nearly 22 percent of global milk production. The cow is one of the primary resources for dairy industries, which employs automatic milking machines to extract milk. Nowadays, there is a wide variety of diseases experienced by a cow, especially in its udders. The mammary gland’s inflammation inside the udder is called clinical mastitis, whose detection at the early stage poses a massive challenge to the dairy industry . Existing techniques revolve around the usage of milk texture as the main parameter for mastitis detection. The proposed methodology uses a variety of parameters from udder using sensors and milk images. The sac is designed by deploying sensors that act as cow bra to collect the data. The milk images are gathered using a camera. To predict the clinical mastitis in cows deep learning algorithm applied tosensor data and convolutionalneural network used on milk image data. The cloud is used as storage from the remote end. Also, the proposed method is compared with K Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) classifications.
Keywords:  Internet of Animal Health Things, IoT, Clinical Mastitis, Sensors, Mastitis detection.

This paper deals with the implementation of power efficient, jitter and dead zone free minimum transistor count Phase Frequency Detector (PFD) for Frequency Synthesizer application of Fractional-N Phase Locked Loop. It was implemented in Generic Process Design Kit (GPDK) with 45nm CMOS process technology using Virtuoso tool of Cadence. The proposed PFD is measured to be have a maximum value of 3.5 GHz switching frequency and consumes 168.3µW of power at a supply voltage of 0.45 V. It reduces the phase noise and makes the circuit free from the blind zone by the removal of the third state reset condition in the conventional PFD.It was observed that the proposed PFD has a phase noise of -154.86dBc/Hz and -156.7 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz and 1 MHz frequency offsets respectively.
Keywords: Phase and Frequency Detector(PFD), Digital Delta Sigma Modulator(DDSM), Fractional-N Phase Locked Loop (FNPLL),Charge Pump (CP), LC-VCO (LC-Tuned Voltage Controlled Oscillator).

For the smart city of Vishakhapatnam, the effective transport corridor has been planned for NAD junction to car-shed junction. Detailed signal system for planning is necessary for reduction of travel time and avoidance of accidents. This has been done by the selection of intersection and using stimulated software. The results of analysis have been affective reduction of travel time with and without infrastructure.
Keywords:  VISUM software,Corridor,Time,PTV, transport, PCU, Peak hour

In underwater surveillance and warfare environment, object tracking plays an important role. Passive tracking of the object by using bearings-only measurements in underwater scenario is presented in this paper. The observer is considered to be following the ‘S’ maneuver to track the objectthat is assumed to move in a straight-line path. An algorithm is developed to simulate the observer and objectcourse and to generate Gaussian noise. This algorithm is applied for various scenarios using MATLAB 2018a.
Keywords:  Bearing, Sonar, Object motion analysis, Object tracking, Object motion analysis

Cloud Computing offers on-demand computing resources to the end-users through service-orientated technologies. The user workloads are executed in a number of high-end servers located in various prime locations. Extensive utilization of datacenter resources produces an alarming rate of carbon emission into the environment. In the IaaS cloud, the user workloads or applications execute in the virtual machines. Efficient allocation of virtual machines improves resource utilization in a datacenter and reduces carbon footprints. The goal of the proposed work is to allocate the virtual machine into the physical server efficiently to avoid resource wastage. In our approach, the native firefly algorithm is modified to adapt the virtual machine placement problem in a discrete manner. The Modified Firefly Algorithm for Virtual Machine Placement (MFA-VMP) is implemented and compared with the existing PSO algorithm and Genetic Algorithm proved its superiority.
Keywords:  Virtual Machine Placement, Firefly Algorithm, Cloud Computing, Scheduling.