Lemon peels (LP) were utilized as a biosorbent in separating the reactive red (RR) dye from simulated aqueous solution; several experiments were executed in this work to obtain a qualitative data to investigate the equilibrium and the kinetic in this paper. The effect of different parameters were investigated such as: the pH value, amount of LP, contact time, temperature, and initial dye concentrations to get their influence on the process of sorption. It is still crucial to investigate the complex fluid flow and mass transfer and the complicity of the interaction between adsorption and transport using low cost sustainable materials. The results of separation process in this work via adsorption process showed that the data of isotherm can be well characterized via Langmuir; this refers to that the reactive red dye be binding through two or more different sorption sites onto LP. The maximum RRdye uptake of 6.757mg/g was observed at pH2; according to the Langmuir model; suggested that this peels can be categorized as an active sorbent in removing of RRdye from contaminated water sources. FTIR was recorded before and after sorption to show the position and number of the functional groups obtainable for RR binding on the sorbent which has been studied.
Keywords:  Separation process,Fluid flow, Mass transfer, cost sustainable materials, Red Reactive (RR) Dye; Lemon peels; batch; Water treatment, adsorption; FTIR.

This paper represents an innovative algorithm to estimate optimum placement of Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (D-STATCOM) in the multi-machine atmosphere. The main reason for the substantial loss of power in distribution devices is the voltage drop across the device. This shows that by increasing the voltage profile of the distributed device the entire loss of power is decreased. D-STATCOM was designed for satisfactory dynamic response and the control gains were normally tuned for trial-and-error method. The problem of tuning the D-STATCOM parameter is transformed into an optimization problem this is resolved by hybrid bacteria foraging and gray wolf optimization algorithm (HBF-GWO). Load flow analysis (LFA) is utilized for calculating the reactive power, voltage profile and active power in distributed systems. Also, IEEE 30-bus radial distribution devices are utilized to check this system. Performance of the proposed HBF-GWO algorithm with D-STATCOM is matched with a Genetic Algorithm (GA) with D-STATCOM under several operating conditions and instabilities.
Keywords:  STATCOM Allocation for Stabilization, Voltage, Multimachine Power System, HBF-GWO

Silver nanoparticles are generally used in various products due to their distinctive and antibacterial activities. Nanosilver are used in electronics bio-sensing, clothing ,cosmetics, sunscreen and medical devices but a large number of in vitro shows that AgNPs have toxic effects on various cultured mammalian cells . In this paper, the toxicity effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on human’s health is reviewed. In addition we studied to which content the silver ion fraction contributes the toxicity to cells.However by green formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) the toxicity of silver nanoparticles can be reduced. More studies and research is required that confer AgNPs at lower toxicity only then their use would be proved useful in several industry biomedical contexts and for human health also.The ambition or goal of this review is to estimate the literature on the toxicity of silver nanoparticles. The aim of this review is to inspire more studies in the field of toxicity of nanoparticles of silver or silver nanoparticles.
Keywords:  Nanoparticles, Silver nanoparticles, Green synthesis, Human health, Toxicity

In this work, the nanostructuredCuO: Ag is deposited utilizing chemical spray pyrolysis CSP. The structure and morphology nanostrucredCuO: Ag were analyzed by XRD and AFM. XRD results showed the impact of Ag doping with 2% to 4% becausedecreasing the crystal. The energy gap decreases from 2.4 eV to 2.32 eV as the Ag doping increased.
Keywords:  CuO: Ag, XRD,AFM, energy gap, thin films

The globe is facing momentous environment challenges to improve the quality of air, soil and water. This is widely accepted that the primary cause of global change is the release into the environment of so-called greenhouse gases. Carbon dioxide (CO2) which is primarily emitted by burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, gas is a significant greenhouse gas. The influence is now known as unalterable, plus this may direct to the destruction of human civilization. It is a complicated matter with no simple solution, yet at the end of road light is on, due to the extreme increase in the atmospheric study and development in CO2 trap and consumption. Although conservative transformations strategies for carbon dioxide comprise of photosynthesis and enzymatic biochemistry, amine capture, electrochemical, and photochemical that is sunlight driven photocatalysis are reported in literature review, however very few drawbacks have been reported on carbon capturing through Nano-fluids or with help of nano-based particles.This review firstly elaborate about the nanoparticles, its basicproperties; classification and the most recent development in carbon dioxide capture processes allowed by nanotechnology along with an summary of the traditional carbon capture technologies.
Keywords:  Nanoparticles, greenhouse gases, Carbon dioxide, conventional methods, sunlight, photo catalysis.

The unspecified heat flux around the receiver's boundary produces a higher gradient temperature. Advanced heat transfer methods were also used to lower the pipe temperatures. This study includes a numerical simulation with a conical pin-fin arrangement for turbulent flow in parabolic trough tubes. Fins were found to enhance single-tube performance. This also investigated the effect of varying fin height. Increased height, reduced heat, and pressure. It was found that thermal enhancement index which used to compare finned tube performance working under the same conditions gain an average enhancement rate of 56.2% for a fin height range varies between (2 to 12 mm). This passive enhancement was obtained through using of solar collector LS-2 module with receiver tube of inner diameter and length of 0.066 m and 1000 mm respectively.
Keywords: Solar energy, PTC, CFD, cosine profile, exergy analysis.

The present sophisticated technology implies a great pressure on securing data. Among securing different types of data, patient data security is vital. Patient record is highly confidential and demands a secure system. When the records are stored in public cloud, it is much more vulnerable to be obscured. To address this issue, this work contributes to a new encryption scheme called CHAMBER, which works well with both text and image. This cipher is built with a Feistal structure base. Also, a new efficient key generation process is introduced. The proposed work is a novel method for encrypting and decrypting text and image which makes it suitable to secure patient data that involves both text and image.
Keywords: Chamber, Encryption, Decryption, Feistal, public cloud.

Traffic problems in cities and developing cities are proliferating. Several methods are being followed to reduce the congestion on city roads. In the current article, an attempt has been made to identify the number of vehicles on city roads and based on the number of vehicles on city roads, the traffic lights are controlled automatically such that to reduce the congestion on city roads. Identifying vehicles on different lanes at traffic signals and trying to control the signals based on the number of vehicles. The current model was developed and implemented on the platform of Python, and the testing of the current model was done with four cases. The results observed for the four test cases are excellent and encouraging. The exact method and it's functioning and the results are displayed in the results and discussions sections in detail.
Keywords:  Traffic lights, traffic vehicles, Raspberry Pi, intelligent lights, congestion on roads,Internet of Things.

A critical path delay (CPD) analysis of multilevel DWPT computation is required to select the approximation scheme for specific biomedical image applications. In this paper a CPD study on 4-level DWPT is made to find the most approximated arithmetic scheme to derive CPD efficient hardware circuit design. The CP of DWPT structures is estimated theoretically to find the advantages of proposed design over existing arithmetic approximation design and synthesis report shows 2-4 % gain in CPD.
Keywords: Critical Path Delay, Minimum Clock Period, Shift Add Register unit, Discrete Wavelet Packet Transform, Tree Adder.

Nowadays, robotics and artificial intelligence is being used not only in business organizations but medical organizations are also starting to use the same for surgery, research and monitoring. This article analyzes the use of robotics and artificial intelligence in the medical domain. Systematic review approaches have been used for the purpose of evaluation of the articles.
Keywords: Robotics, artificial intelligence, medical domain, monitoring, Environmentally Safe.

The current work focus on to characterize the Fracture toughness of Dual phase steel (DP) steel produced by intercritically annealing the commercially available low carbon steel (AISI 1018) and quenching at intermediate temperatures. Intercritical annealing involved austinization at 9200C and Intermediate quenching process has been carried out using muffle furnace, Ice brine solution at -70C and quenching oil at 280C. Dual Phase steel falls under the category of High Strength Low Alloy steels, whose Tensile strength ranges from 450MPa to 1000Mpa. Its microstructure consists of Islands of martensite dispersed in ferrite Phasewith minute amount of retained austenite and/or bainite. The Ferrite and Martensite phase volumes depends on the intermediate quenching (IQ) temperature, in the present work the Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness has been experimentally and verified through Finite Element (FE) analysis tool (ANSYS). The FE analysis results of Plane Strain Fracture toughness Matches with the experimental results that, A780 sample which has been quenched from 780o C is characterized by better fracture toughness properties because of the presence of approximately equal volumes of Ferrite-Martensite phases.
Keywords:  Intermediate Quenching (IQ),Plane strain Fracture toughness, Ferrite, Martensite, Dual Phase (DP) steel.

Human’s demands for energy resources are increasing day by day. People use 30% more energy per year than the Earth will replenish. So, if we overused these resources then a danger of depletion of natural resources arises. So, we have a special class of Clathrates commonly known as natural gas hydrates (NGH). Because of its high amount of energy and large reserves NGH are presented as one of the most relevant energy alternatives. A significant volume of methane is stored in hydrate of the natural gas which can fulfil the energy demands of the world for centuries if exploited properly. Recent literature shows that this methane hydrates also exihibit ability as a most important factor in changing global climate in the earth’s crust. Since, the gas hydrates are crystallized and the variations in pressure and temperature influence their stability. These disturbed gas hydrates may also have an effect on climate through the liberation of methane (a greenhouse gas), that can rise global warming and function as an element in changing global climate. In this review, we have summarized the role of natural gas hydrates (NGH) as an upcoming power source that's providing applications for fulfilling future energy demands.
Keywords: Natural gas hydrates, Clathrates, Greenhouse effect, Global warming,energy .

The activated carbon production from sustainable material, which is used in many industries, was investigated in this work. Currently, all the world are focusing on fighting COVID-19 virus which is due to its exponential infection rate and mortality rate, that makes it a major concern worldwide as no vaccine for this virus till now, and hence the personal protection is the only cure from this infectious virus. Therefore using a surgical face mask protection might be one of the best effective ways to protect from getting infected by COVID-19. Consequently combination of mask and activated charcoal can be beneficial as its ability to absorb and disinfect viruses, because it is a multifunctional adsorbent that eliminates organic matter, Inorganic and pathogenic pollutants. Enacted carbon can be acquired from numerous divergent feeds and created in changing creation measures. The crude materials utilized, initiation cycle, and cycle boundaries decide the actual properties and execution qualities of the subsequent carbon. Altering these actuation properties decides the porosity and pore volume dispersion in the carbon which can builds the mass exchange and increment its capacities. The objective of this paper is to detail a mass equilibrium on the creation of actuated carbon and grow snappy screening techniques to notice and look at the impacts of various forerunner materials, compound reagents, and cycle factors on this creation cycle.
Keywords: Adsorption Process, Covid-19, Activated Carbon, Environment, Mass Transfer, Mass Balance.

Domestic seismic design was first introduced in 1988, and seismic design is mandatory in 2019 when new constructions of 2 stories and more than 500 square meters buildings are built. And in 2008, after the earthquake in Sichuan Province in China (8.0 scale), in order to secure the safety of existing structures against earthquakes in Korea, the 2008 Earthquake Disaster Prevention Act was enacted, and earthquake-resistant reinforcement of existing buildings that are not earthquake-proof was required. This paper presented the CFT(Concrete-filled steel tube) column seismic method and real-time safety maintenance system, and it is a state-of-the-art structure that increases strength, ductility, and economy by placing concrete inside the steel pipe and it can be used as a seismic method to solve the factors that occur in the existing construction method.
Keywords:  CFT, Seismic Construction, Real-time, Safety Maintenance system, Ductility.

Plastic is userfriendly with huge demand in global economy due to wide range of applications across the domestic, industrial and business sectors. Global annual emissions have exceeded exponentially year by year of plastics, and their production, accumulation, imposes a global ecological threat. Therefore, more global concerns and pressure leads to develop and adapt the 2nd generation plastics known as bioplastics which attracted user and researchers due its lower carbon footprint, eco-safety (renewability, sustainability, biodegradability, and compensability) and energy efficiency. The global trends of bio plastics market are expected to be move at a rate of 20% ~ 25% per year despite of certain limitations such as a higher cost, recycling problem, reducing raw materials and lack of legislation. For the past 35 years the development of biodegradable plastics has been given significant consideration. Hence, this paper aims to provide insight into various aspects of bioplastics as the most advanced environmentally friendly products, including cycle of degradation, application and challenges, as well as future sustainability perspectives globally. Innovation in bioplastics can be e a key to a future term plastic pollution solution. But a public awareness is necessary in enforcing longer lasting solution against plastic originated environmental crisis.
Keywords:  Bioplastics, biodegradable, Global warming potential, Non-biodegradable, sustainability.

Nowadays, the power system security investigation performs a vital part so as to step up the system security with a view to keep at bay the prospect of system breakdown scenarios. In the power industry, with the ever-zooming power transfer, the hassles are encountered by the power system. Through the dwindling security, it has assumed alarming proportions of added intricacy with powersystem.An enhanced optimal technique of this paper are proposed and it solved by the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) issues with uncertainties. An enhanced technique is solved with Yin-Yang pair optimization algorithm in addition to create on maintaining a balance between exploration and exploitation of the search space. Initially, the OPF are analyzed with the N-R approach as well as later the FACTS devices based power flow is analyzed. The FACTS devices are considered as STATCOM, UPFC and IPFC devices, after the placement of FACTS devices as contingency are relived. Initially,the voltage deviation, power losses, investment cost and the fuel are analyzed and to define the multi-objective function.Then the multi-objective function are considered for the OPF analysis under the uncertainty period. Using the IEEE 30 in addition IEEE 118 bus system are to be tested. This system based on the proposed methodin addition to corresponding bus voltage impact, generator limits, line loading, line limits, and etc. are analyzed. This proposed method is verified by the performance and the traditional methods are compared like as the firefly algorithm (FA) as well as particle swarm optimization (PSO).These proposed method is implemented in MATLAB platform are to be tested.
Keywords: STATCOM, UPFC, IPFC, YYPO, Voltage deviation, Fuel cost, Newton-Raphson (N-R).

Fog computing provides a way to offer virtualized intermediary layer to give data, computation, storage, and networking services between Cloud data centres and end users. A major component in Fog computing environment is resource management, a method to schedule and allocate resources to applications. This paper presents a Fog-enabled Cloud computing resource management model for smart homes by improved Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (ISFLA) and Cuckoo Search (CS) Algorithm, abbreviated as ISFLA-CS. Besides, Adaptive Elastic neural network (AENN) method is used for load prediction model and determines the proper resources which should be allocated for the optimization of the service response time. Back Propagation learning algorithm was used during AENN training phase so that it can manage incoming jobs to the cloud. A detailed experimental validation takes place in a smart home environment. The experimental results stated that proposed model shows effective results interms of network bandwidth, energy utilization, latency and response time.
Keywords:  Fog computing, Smart home, Resource management, Elastic neural network,Hybridization.

This paper addresses problematic projects that go beyond reasonable limits and eventually fail. Projects do not immediately become problematic but generally become so over time until they are discontinued. If project tracking does not maintain standards, recovery attempts can require more money and resources to meet the original project scope within defined deadlines; therefore, it is important to adjust the recovery plan and strategies while considering the project recovery capabilities. This work focuses on identifying key factors contributing to the failure of construction projects and recommends actions to recover the project as part of the proposed recovery strategy in Iraq. This paper considers the variance in the environment, which is an essential feature of the Iraqi construction industry, and proposes the appropriate selection of project managers. The data were analyzed to discover 30 factors causing project failure and to determine the related recovery strategies to suggest an appropriate solution based on the nature of the difficulty. The potential scenarios of recovery strategies for such projects are based on four scenarios that apply to all causes, whereas one or more of six other scenarios depend on the type of cause.
Keywords: Troubled projects, Recovery, Strategies, Failure causes, Sustainability.

In society today, data resources are becoming strategic and essential resources, such as material resources, energy resources and human capital, a type of digital subject and a national power. This paper is aimed at investigating the application of agricultural artificial intelligence. The practical importance and practical value are important to promote the transformation and upgrade of conventional farming and to promote the production of smart agriculture. The present article is a review paper in which the literature has been analyzed for understanding the use of technology in agriculture. The current study concentrated in identification of new technologies or techniques which has been mentioned in the literature done by the scholars in the past two decades.
Keywords:  Agriculture, Data Resource, Artificial Intelligence, Review,Resources.

From the ancient time itself skin diseases threatens human lifestyle due to its severity towards loneliness, pain, affects the appearance of affected person, and even to death. Identifying and predicting this skin lesion in the early stage will escape the people from its severity and from its tribulation. Identifying the lesion in the starting stage will avoid the severity of the disease and make the people comfortable. In this paper we propose a deep convolution learning model which improves the identification of lesion in early stage. Moreover we have collected the dataset for nine different skin lesion each with 200 samples, totally 1800 images. The experiment shows the proposed model archives good results for the dataset from ‘DermNet dataset’ for the skin lesions such as Acne, Basal Cell Carcinoma Lesion, Eczema, Impetigo, Melanoma, Rosacea, Molluscum Contagiosum, Psoriasis, and Vitiligo by assisting the dermatologist for the practical analysis of skin lesions by examining the dermoscopic or clinical images, which provides better near-human accuracy. The maximum weighted accuracy of 96% for individual model amongst the set of models is reported in this paper.
Keywords:  Deep learning, Convolutional neural network, Skin lesion, classification, dermoscopic images.

The exponential rise in technologies has broadened the horizon for socio-scientific communities to develop more robust and efficient solutions to meet contemporary demands. Amongst the major critical innovations, Radar Signal Processing (RSP) has gained widespread attention, whose significance has been increasing exponentially due to increased oceanic maritime movement, unmanned aerial vehicles detection, coastal movement surveillance demands. in this research a highly robust and efficient RSP model has developed. Realizing the significance of clutter suppression, RCS independent detection and classification system is taken into consideration. Unlike classical TF approaches, we have converted input signals into images, which is processed for feature extraction (say, TFA) using DWT and STFT. In addition, to detect precise dimension of the target, we have developed an Evolutionary Computing algorithm named Firefly Algorithm based Fuzzy C-Means clustering (FFA-FCM) algorithm as post-segmentation approach that enabled both clutter suppression as well as optimal dimensional characterization of the moving target. Once obtaining features from the detected target we have applied two well known transferable deep learning algorithms named AlexNet-CNN and SqueezeNet-CNN to perform target classification.
Keywords: Deep Learning, Radar Signal ProcessingModel, Sea-Target, Detection and Classification

The architecture and development of power systems is focused on reliability. A performance of an energy utility is partially based upon the overall degree of service efficiency and is a core aspect of network stability in today's dynamic market climate. Several variables like failure events, proper servicing, and network configuration influence stability of electrical delivery. PQ and trustworthiness have several common meanings and end consumers are often confused. The word reliability is used to demonstrate the system's capacity to carry out its intended purpose. The efficiency of the power grid is calculated based on the capacity of the power network to supply electricity to end-users, usually as a commodity for end-users and controlled by the average frequency and length indices submitted to regulators and commissions. The assessment of the power network, in particular the reliability of the delivery system, is an essential activity for ensuring the stability of the power systems and the competitiveness of service providers.This helps utilities to forecast the efficiency of a existing network as better architecture and optimization have been completed and the right solution can be chosen from various choices available. This paper deals with the effect on efficiency of low power content. This paper addresses the Electromagnetic Field (EMF) systems efficiency indices, corona in the transmission lines, distributed generation, cogeneration and frequency / tension regulation, and safety loss due to low power quality including the effect of harmonical and cross-harmonic devices on relay operations.
Keywords:  DMS, Security,Power Quality, Reliability, Reliability Indices.

The aim of this study is to assess the impact of the viral pathogen in a sustainable environment. The virus affects many cultures of the world and is self-postulating. It has represented an unrestrained ailment outbreak that affects the strategies and expectations of many governments. Uncountable and unethical cases resulted in a strain on protection and healthcare systems. This framework hinges on the vulnerability of the population as the linchpin between the viral pathogen and environmental health. The stability of both virus-free steady state and virus present steady state is determined by the basic reproduction number. Our empirical findings are shown by MATLAB simulations.
Keywords: Viral pathogen, sustainable environment, environmental health, bifurcation theory, immune system.

The research aims to assess spatial planning contribution to addressing the larger multi-national-scale urban problems and challenges in practice. The research started by defining spatial planning and discussing its important in the general planning context. It then introduced the case study of the Baltic Sea Region Spatial Plan 2030, giving a brief background about the region and its planning challenges, the different spatial planning objectives, and the spatial planning tools/instruments for its implementation. Following that, the research assessed and analysed the performance of the Baltic Sea Region Spatial Plan 2030 in achieving its strategic objectives; namely maritime preservation and sustainability management, internal co-operation and urban networking, and external and internal accessibility, for the period from 2000 to 2015/2017. The research used different indicators including GDP growth, FDI index, and pollutant emissions, to assess the performance. The research found that while multi-national spatial planning has many benefits in achieving large scale planning objectives, it could easily collapse or underperform in some cases such as a large multinational crisis if not refined/developed quickly to withstand these changes.
Keywords: Spatial Planning, Urban Planning, Baltic Sea Region, Large-scale urban challenges, sustainability.

The upsurge in demand of electricity can be overcome by best utilization of natural resources like wind and solar energy. In this paper, Distributed Generation (DG) as a wind source is integrated with 33 bus system to see the improvement in performance of overall system. Variations in wind speed are taken as input parameters and as one of the resources of DG. System losses of DG system are mainly affected by location and sizing of DG units.
Keywords: Nanoparticles, Silver nanoparticles, Green synthesis, Human health, Toxicity

Numerous green energy sources are integrated with the hybrid power system to feed the load demand and to increase the reliability of the system. Integration of power system is a challenging process due to intrinsic qualities of existing renewable sources to be specific eccentrics and inconstancy. This necessitates an energy management controller to effectively utilise the available power and to increase the reliability of the power system. In addition to the reliability, consumer needs cost effective electricity. Hence in this article, an intelligent power management controller with cost optimization is proposed for a standalone hybrid power system. The proposed hybrid power system comprises solar, wind, battery and diesel generator. Intelligent power management controller receives available renewable energy details, battery SOC, load demand and charge of green energy to optimally select the source and manage the load. The Intelligent power management controller is programmed with six outputs to individually control renewable energy source, battery charging and discharging, diesel generator and non-critical load. The Intelligent power management controller is proposed to minimise the usage of diesel generator and to utilise low cost renewable energy. MATLAB based simulation analysis is presented to study the proposed system.
Keywords: PV, wind energy system, hybrid power system, intelligent power management controller, cost optimization, FLC MPPT, INC MPPT.

As time goes, it is expected the amount of data will increase explosively, which needs better data processing technology for resource optimization as well as data processing algorithm. 3D printing is a good example to need to process heavy data. To generate 3D objects by a 3D printer, 3D model is first generated, and then converted to operations which the printer can interpret. 3D object surface is represented by facets and the number highly depends on the height or precision of the output, which much more conversion needs time from 3D model to printer operations. In this paper, we first devise a conversion algorithm on distributed systems and then adjust it on hadoop systems. The motivation of our distributed algorithm or hadoop-based algorithm is that the conversion from a facet does not affect the other facets. In case of distributed algorithm, the conversion process is divided into two phase: first, grouping facets according to z-axis value, and second, generating g-code from facets which are ordered by z-value. Those phases will be done in distributed manner. To do so, there are n+1 processing nodes and the first one n0 plays a role of coordinator. Apache hadoop is a software framework to support distributed processing for large data set and its application range gets widening. The second, hadoop-based algorithm proceeds to step 4: pre-processing, mapping, mapping, shuffling, and reducing. Finally, through the simulation works, we come to know the transformation can be done well in proposed environments.
Keywords:  3D printing, 3D model, STL file, facet, g-code, hadoop.

Pressure drop is major problem in micro channel heat sink due to its dimensions in microns. Several researchers have been worked in this parameter but still not possible finding an optimum design. In this work to analyze the pressure drops of micro channel at different flow configuration and different aspect ratio. It is found that as Reynolds number increases pressure drop increases. Also pressure drop increases at lower aspect ratio.
Keywords: pressure, Flow, Heat Sink, Microchannel, optimum.

Recently, the Republic of Korea has confirmed the national GHG reduction target, which will reduce 37% from the projected GHG emissions (BAU) by 2030. In order to achieve these reduction targets, it is very important to reduce greenhouse gases generated from buildings. Compared to the industrial production sector, the building part has a very high maturity of related technology, so there is much room for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Since the ratio of the residential part is the highest in such a building part, a GHG reduction policy for apartment houses is important. Accordingly, the certification system for eco-friendly buildings for apartment houses, residential complexes, office buildings, and schools is being implemented, and certification standards for sales and accommodation facilities are being developed. Therefore, this study aims to confirm energy efficiency through a certification evaluation program that can efficiently perform certification evaluation work that takes a lot of work time.
Keywords:  Simulation Analysis, IT Technology, Renewable Energy, Eco-friendly, Environmental.

The role of semiconductor in differentelectronic devices has been accepted by scientist group due to extraordinary properties of semiconductor. Chemical and gas sensing behaviour is one of the most important application of semiconductor based optoelectronic devices. The synthesis of ZnO, TiO2 and SnO2 have been done for potential candidate as chemical and gas sensor. It has been observed that SnO2 based chemical sensor have better performance due to characteristic properties of SnO2. In the present study synthesis properties of SnO2 have been explored for gas and chemical sensor. The sensing performance of semiconductor can be improved by tuning the chemical composition, surface property, morphology of sensing layer, temperature and humidity. In this work attention has been given to the factors which play important factor to improve the sensing nature of device. The literature survey summarised in the table indicate the importance of dopant ion, synthesis method and morphology for enhanced efficiency of sensors.
Keywords:  SnO2, Chemical sensor, Gas sensor, Synthesis of SnO2, doped SnO2

New values of fusion conditions of confinement fusion nuclear system for T-T and T-3He reactions have been magnetically simulated. Lawson criterion nτ was verified depending on the values of the reaction rates, fusion power density, and the power losses in the plasma assuming that the reactor efficiency values are (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1). Lawson criterion at efficiency 0.5 was found to be (3.2270e+22 s.m-3) and (8.5500e+21 s.m-3) for the T-T and T-3He reactions, respectively. Then, the triple product nτT and the Pτ parameter have been calculated for the above mentioned reactions as fusion-producing conditions. Based on the calculated nτ values, The results for nτT are (6.454e+24 KeV.s.m-3), (2.565e+24 KeV.s.m-3), and for Pτ (2e+4 atm.s), (8e+3 atm.s), with energy confinement time τ equal to (64 s), (17.1s), and pressure P equal to (310 atm), (467 atm) for T-T and T-3He, respectively. T-T reaction is preferred due to the more ideal fusion conditions at a temperature of 200 KeV.
Keywords:  Lawson criterion, Tokamaks, Helical Hydrogen Plasma, Confinement time, Triple product.

Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) are utilized in variety of applications to store the energy such as uninterruptable power supplies, wireless communications, renewable energy systems and in industrial applications. Also, it is very important in Electric vehicles (EV), Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) to deliver appropriate power and ESS is also referred as Ultra-capacitors (UCs) or Super-capacitors (SCs) in many of the applications. For the past few years, this research is executed with the presentations of Ultra-Capacitors (UC) in EV by replacement of Battery. To design the UC to decrease the demand while control schemes monitor the efficiency of the system and recognition of UC is considered as major task of this research work. In modern trends, the power necessities in some appliances have improved evidently and have surpassed the proficiency of batteries with an ordinary model. This impacts leads to design high power batteries frequently with the expenditure of life cycle and its energy density. UC has been established as an alternate for the battery and it has more power and longer life cycle over batteries. To enhance the power delivery restrictions of batteries and UC, Hybrid ESS (Battery and UC) have been developed with HEV. The peak charge/discharge currents are levelled effectively to improve the lifetime of the battery. Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference controller (ANFIS) is established in MATLAB environment and the results are proven to be successful in producing an electrical vehicle in high speed of 90 km/hr which is much better than existing methods.
Keywords: Energy Storage Systems; Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles; Ultra-capacitors; Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference controller; Battery.

Additive processing seeks to incorporate all material types into 3D dimensional structures and equipment and eventually to open the possibility of 3D printing devices. Such devices remain difficult to control, so Limiting the size of printed 3D machines to passive devices or requiring integration of different external actuators. 3D print thermoplastic / driver bilayers that may be driven by differential heat from externally controllable currents that flow from their drive faces are discussed here. Similarly, the use of 3D printing in robot manufacturing is always an area of research which is getting flourished. In this paper, a detailed Review on Use of 3DPrinting in Robotics is studied.
Keywords:  3D Printing, Robotics, Review, Additive Manufacturing, Applications

The hyperledger fabric is a modular blockchain framework used by private companies to develop blockchain-based products, solutions, and applications using plug-and-play components. Smart contracts running in this framework are created by implementing chaincode for IT Development. When implementing the chaincode, there may be a security weakness that is the root cause of the security vulnerability in the code. If the chaincode with the security weakness is completed and a block is created, the chaincode with the inherent security weakness creates a security threat because the contract cannot be modified arbitrarily.The hyperledger fabric is a modular blockchain framework used by private companies to develop blockchain-based products, solutions, and applications using plug-and-play components. Smart contracts running in this framework are created by implementing chaincode. When implementing the chaincode, there may be a security weakness that is the root cause of the security vulnerability in the code. If the chaincode with the security weakness is completed and a block is created, the chaincode with the inherent security weakness creates a security threat because the contract cannot be modified arbitrarily.
Keywords:  Security Weakness Analysis, Loop Unrolling, Cloud Computing, SMT(Satisfiability Modulo Theory) Solver, SVM(Smart Virtual Machine ), Control Flow Graph

In many local fields, the farmers applied irrigation water in their fields greater than the required by the plants, and then water was lost as farm losses and the values of the irrigation efficiencies were dropped below the acceptable limits especially in surface irrigation. In this paper an evaluation of the irrigation efficiencies for a field by using furrow irrigation system was conducted using modern irrigation apparatus as watermarks soil water content sensors. The study work was conducted in a filed site was located within Al-Yusifyah Township, 30 km south of Baghdad. Eggplant was cultivated in the summer growing season of 2013. Daily soil water content was measured by using watermarks soil moisture sensors installed in five levels of root zone depths according to crop growth stages. Measurements for soil water content were starting from the planting date till harvest time. In each irrigation process discharge was applied, time of irrigation and soil water content before irrigation was recorded for each irrigation process. From the obtained results show that the irrigation process carried out by the farmer was always done when the deficit in the soil moisture was less than the limit of readily available water and the percentage of depletion was always less than the recommended value. The soil water depletion before irrigation was ranged among 3 % to 24.1 % by an average value of 9 %. This calculated value was below the management allowable depletion by 495 %. Additionally, the irrigation efficiency for the applied water was ranged among 13 % to 83 % with an average value of 47 %. The average farm losses were 53 % as a deep percolation.
Keywords:  soil moisture sensors, irrigation efficiency, atmometer and soil depletion.

The main objective of the research is to investigate the mechanical properties of boron carbide (B4C) reinforced aluminum metal matrix composite for manufacturingthe metal matrix composite based leaf spring. For this purpose, Aluminum of 7075 grade with boron carbide content of 20% was prepared by stir casting process. Mechanical Properties like tensile strength, hardness and weight ratio of the prepared sample were analyzed. It was also considered a special mechanism used for the uniform distribution of boron carbide reinforced in aluminum matrix. The results showed that tensile strength and hardness of aluminum matrix increase due to addition of boron carbide. It has also found that weight of the new composite material is less than the steel spring material sample.
Keywords:  Metal Matrix composite, Aluminum 7075, Boron Carbide, Stir Casting, Tensile Strength, Hardness.

In any wireless sensor network, network life time depends on the minimization of energy consumption by the sensor nodes. For this clustering is adopted. In such cluster-based Networks, taking an efficient Cluster Head (CH) is vital as they are responsible for collecting data from its associate nodes, aggregating and sending it to the base station (BS). In this research study, an artificial bee colony (ABC) based model is proposed to improve CH selection. The important factors considered for the fitness function are residual energy of nodes, average energy and intra cluster distance. To improve the energy efficiency further, modified ABC is proposed for routing to the base station. The suggested model is analyzed through extensive simulations. The outcomes show significant performance improvements in terms of energy consumption and lifetime of the network.
Keywords:  Clustering, Energy Efficiency, Residual energy, Network life time, Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm, Hierarchical routing, Cluster Heads

Secure coding is a method of developing a program as a coding guide to eliminate software security weaknesses in the coding stage, and allows to develop software that is safe from hackers. Software security weakness for secure coding refers to a basis cause that can occur as a vulnerability after logical errors, bugs, mistakes, etc., which can become defects in software development. Security weaknesses should be analyzed before deployment to prevent software security incidents. However, it is difficult to analyze security weaknesses in the presence of repetitive statements in the software because the control flow is not sequential and the presence of branches inside the repetitive statements creates path explosion problems that exponentially increase the number of paths that can be executed. In this paper, we studied a secure coding method through the security weakness analysis using the loop unrolling technique. The loop unrolling technique can reduce the branch penalty by reducing or removing the command that controls the iteration, so it can solve the path explosion problem caused by the iteration, and It is easy to analyze security weaknesses by removing the repetition and controlling the control flow sequentially. The proposed security weakness analysis method analyzes the security weakness while traversing the loop unrolled source code after reducing or eliminating iteration if there is a loop through the loop unrolling technique. This analysis method can efficiently find the security weakness inside the loop that is difficult to analyze the security weakness.
Keywords:  Secure Coding, Security Weakness Analysis, Loop Unrolling, Control Flow Graph, SMT(Satisfiability Modulo Theory) Solver, SVM(Smart Virtual Machine )

Paver block construction in roads is versatile, attractive and aesthetical, cost effect and requires lesser maintenance cost. The main objective of this present work is to replace the natural river sand with manufactured sand with an incremental increase of 10% and to find out the optimum replacement level in respect of strength and durability properties of paver blocks for M30, M40 and M50 Grades of concrete. The availability of natural sand is depleting due to increase in developmental activities across the worldparticularly in India. In the current work manufactured sand is used as an alternative sand material in place of natural river sand and accordingly paver blocks were prepared with M-sand with an incremental increase of 10% to 100% replacement. The paver blocks so prepared was tested for its strength and durability property and discussed in detailed and reported. The use of M-sand in concrete paver blocks reduces the environmental degradation such as depletion of water table. Hence in this research work an attempt was made to put forward an idea of using the M-sand in commercial products like paver blocks. This will be beneficial to ecological and environmental for sustainable developments towards greener world.
Keywords: Compressive strength, Durability, Paver blocks, Super Plasticizer, and Workability.

The present research concluded that the stiffness irregularity at first storey greatly higher the value of storey displacement, heavy mass load at fourth storey extremely higher the value of storey shear under fourth storey and vertical geometric irregularity (setback) result comparative displacement of structure. Incorporated irregularity extremely affects response of the structure as a result possibility of collapsed also high as combined in irregularities. In this research report comparison of all models had been studied. It conclude regular cube shape building model performance found better the other regular and irregular models.
Keywords:  Earthquake, Vertical Irregular Loading, Dynamic Analysis, storey shear, regular cube shape building model

While life was enriched after the Industrial Revolution, it was necessary to manage pollutants due to the deterioration of the air quality generated by the high degree of industrialization. Air quality is divided into outdoor and indoor air quality. The cause of deterioration of outdoor air quality is exhaust gas from automobiles and exhaust gas from thermal power plants. Recently, yellow dust intensively deteriorates air quality in early spring. There are pollutions that occur in Korea, but on the other hand, there are many cases that come from nearby foreign countries due to the inflow of dry polluted air due to the open space. Due to such internal and external influences, air quality often deteriorates. The effects of air pollutants on humans have been proven through a number of sources. On the one hand, indoor air quality is as important as outdoor air quality. In Korea, the sick house syndrome is a representative, and the amount of activity indoors increases, and technology to block the outdoors and the interior is advancing due to the development of technology in buildings. However, on the other hand, it is difficult to ventilate the interior and exterior, so CO2 increases in the indoor air. Therefore, it is important to include the function of circulating indoor air when it reaches a certain range of CO2 concentration in the air purifier. Therefore, this study aims to develop a ventilated air purifier to improve the indoor air quality, and to minimize air resistance by improving the optimal air flow path by grasping the internal flow of the air purifier. In addition, when ventilating the indoor air to lower the CO2 concentration, CO2 is discharged through a damper and the temperature contained in the indoor air is recovered through heat exchange and supplied to the room to increase energy efficiency.
Keywords:  Ventilation, CO2, Air-quality, Air purifier, Filter, Pollution.

Safe Engineering methods have an important role in medical engineering. All human body parts are controlled by the brain. The anomalous development of cells in the brain is called a brain tumor. It is commonly seen at all ages which affect various parts of the body and sometimes it may also lead to decease. So, the timely and precise finding of brain tumors will show a significant impact on humans. This paper aims to present a method that is used to detect the tumor region and classify the tumor from the various classes of brain tumors. For segmentation, we present a method which is the combination of Heat Distribution and the Merged saliency detection method (HDMSD), which is used for detecting tumor regions. Adaptive Local Directional pattern is introduced for texture feature extraction (ALDP). The Prediction Class Level integration (PCLI) is used for classifying the tumor class. The novel method provides an improved result in the terms of accuracy.
Keywords:  Brain Tumor, HDFSD, ALDP, Random forest, K-Nearest Neighbor

As for as most of the structures are no more safely considered, so retrofitting is important. The reason behind this issue could be because of change in design standards, congestion, and absence of quality control. For maintaining the effectual serviceability, structures got damages should be strengthened, so that they can beam the same necessities demands of structures that made nowadays and in the future. It has become both environmental and economical prefer to repair or strengthen the structures rather than to replace them totally.
Keywords:  Reinforced Concrete, CFRP Sheets, Failures and Crack Patterns, Beams.

Air pollution has become a big problem in the world and is a problem in Togo due to the increase in power plant. Air pollution is caused by engines and is very harmful to human health and the environment. The present study aims to evaluate the pollution rate in Neyveli thermal power plant located in Cuddalore for India through the estimation of the concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2). Here the hybrid Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is proposed to predict air quality using the Squirrel Search Algorithm (SSA). The SSA technology used for scoring the pollution weight has a direct impact on measuring the impact of pollution on air quality and on the overall assessment results. Therefore, the weight of each assessment parameter must be determined in ANFIS and to simulate the forecasting of surface SO2 in the vicinity of a Thermal Power Plant. The ANFIS model was developed with neural applet version 4.3.8 to forecast diurnal ground level concentrations of SO2. Further ambient SO2 concentrations were predicted using surface meteorological variables such as Temperature (Temp), cloud cover, rainfall, relative humidity (RH) along with the precursor SO2 pollutant variable. Predicted and measured SO2 values were used as predictors.Pollution concentration simulations were performed using the American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model (AERMOD) point-of-view software.The results show that the air mode can be used effectively to predict the pollution concentration in the study area compared to existing Fuzzy technique Particle Swam Optimization (PSO) algorithm.
Keywords:  Air pollution, Neyvelithermal power plant, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System andSquirrel Search Algorithm.

The paddy straw fiber is locally available agricultural waste material which is a major hazardous to our environment because of its disposal problem and issues related to its burning which causes pollution. In India, being a major producer of rice and residue, the effects of burning of fossils are becoming more severe. The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of utilization of paddy straw fiber as a partial replacement of fine aggregates in concrete. In this experimental investigation, paddy straw fiber was used to partially replace the fine aggregate at varying rates of 1% and 2%. Because of the non uniformity in dimensions of the fiber, paddy straw fiber was used in varied aspect ratio i.e.30mm x 2mm, 60mm x 2mm, 90mm x 2mm and 120mm x 2mm. The mechanical properties like Compressive strength and Split tensile strength were determined for different concrete mixes with varied aspect ratios and percentage of paddy straw fibers. The consequence of this experimental investigation determine that both compressive strength and split tensile strength of concrete achieved its peak value at 1% paddy straw fiber content with aspect ratio of 30 mm x 2 mm and decrease with increase in fiber content to 2%.
Keywords: concrete, paddy straw fiber, compressive strength, fiber, cement, split tensile strength

An overview of basic green networking technologies is discussed in this article. “Mobile traffic offloading, characterized as the use of complementary network connectivity methods to deliver mobile traffic, is a promising strategy to minimise congestion and decrease mobile network energy consumption.In graphs, domination has features for many fields. “Consider a network of computers modelled on a graph G = ( V, E), vertices representing computers and edges representing computers. A variant of Domination of Graphs is studied in this article. We have discussed the domination number, independent domination number, connected domination number and, total domination number for Quartic graphs of n vertices with girth 4.” In this article we find the some domination parameters of graphs and also analysed technology of green mobile network.
Keywords: Green mobile Network, Girth, Dominating set, Domination number, Independent Domination, Connected Domination.

In recent decades, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has advanced and widely spread around the world. ICT and Internet revolutionplay a major role in the emergence of a new age called ICT Age. Hence, Electronic Technology (E-Technology) is becoming the prominent approach based on ICT such as Electronic Learning (E-Learning), Electronic Training (E-Training), Virtual Lab, etc. E-Technology has some features; it can be used by anyone, anywhere and anytime, and it can reduce geographical barriers. E-Technology is a great trend that influences many fields and areas such as learning, training, military, aviation, medicine, engineering and science. E-Technology is a valuable tool that provides a myriad of opportunities for learning and training processes for individuals and organizations, and can be helpful for some critical cases. It has both constructive and destructive approaches; therefore it should be used with extreme caution.
Keywords: Information and Communication Technology (ICT),Internet, Electronic Technology (E-Technology), Electronic Learning (E- Learning), Electronic Training (E-Training)

This study empirically analyzed the effect of the contract type of electricity charge on common area usage fees by considering selection bias. The Sample selection model was used based on the hypothesis that common area usage fees bring up selection bias due to the contract type of electricity charge. In case the contract type of electricity charge is comprehensive, the estimation model is divided into 2 steps to examine affecting factors of common area usage fees. In the Sample selection model, as a first step, the Probitmodel estimation was used for comprehensive contract, showing sample selection probability. In the Sample selection model, as a second step, common area usage fee determinant model estimation was used for selected data samples. The empirical study results are as follows. First, it was proved that common area usage fees are affected by the contract type of electricity charge. Common area usage fees could be reduced by effective management activities. Second, common area usage fees are significantly affected by characteristics of the apartment complex (exclusive area, size, age, brand etc.), facility and equipment (elevator, home network), and location (region). Therefore, efficient management will practically reduce management cost by controlling factors in advance. This study is meaningful in that it gives significant implications to the housing management market by reducing housing costs in the short term and reducing LCC (Life Cycle Cost) in the long-term.
Keywords:  Common area usage fee, Electricity charge, home network, LCC (Life Cycle Cost), Cost Efficiency.

In recent technologies related to agriculture growing rapidly, at this stage, an automatic disease finding system for crops is necessary. In this investigation, a fast and accurate crop disease finding system has been implemented with the help of fuzzy technique and RWSA optimization. The inputs of system are a crop digital images which are collected from digital camera placed at the agriculture field. This image has been processed in two stages at first stage pre-processing is performed, at second stage regression and classification has been attained. The previous methods by using GA, PSO, DE, Conventional and modern methods gives less accuracy and PSNR. Such that proposed a method FLRWS, this application improves the accuracy, MCC, SSIM, PSNR. This implementation compares with an existed method and concludes that the design method is better. The classification gives statistical analysis and true positive rate. This investigation gives the crop disease, and related fertilizer, so designed implantation has been used for advanced agriculture methods.
Keywords:  Fuzzy c, RWSA, Disease,PSO,Classification

The issue with far reaching soils has been recorded everywhere throughout the world. In rainstorm they guzzle water and swell and in summer they shrivel on dissipation of water there from. Due to this elective growing and shrinkage, softly stacked structural designing structures like private structures, asphalts and channel linings are seriously damaged.This paper present a trial examination, did to contemplate the impacts of Rice Husk Ash on various soil, example when balanced out with lime.The basic soil adjustment methods are turning out to be expensive step by step because of the ascent of cost of the settling operators like, concrete, lime, and so forth. The expense of adjustment might be limited by supplanting a decent extent of balancing out specialist utilizing RHA. It will limit the ecological dangers also.Observing the gigantic improvement of CBRvalue of soil, the current soil adjustment system may generally be prescribed for developmentof pavement.
Keywords:  Expansive soil, Lime, Rice Husk Ash, California Bearing Ratio, Maximum Dry Density, Index properties

The parabolic trough concentrator (PTC) is widely used for renewable energy technology in high-temperature applications. This paper addresses the simulation of PTC computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and exergetic studies. Two separate geometric absorber tubes were examined on the inner surface: the first was a convergent-divergent tube, and the second a simple tube. This analysis was performed using the ANSYS FLUENT 2019R1, a finite-volume (FVM) software package. The analysis was performed using the SOL-TRACE methods. The results of the absorber tube configuration as a cosine profile technique was numerically described as a converging-diverging nozzle enclosed by a PTC tube. Selected parameters based on the literature. Copper was used as the tube material. The HTF was gasoline, 0.21kg/s mass flow rate. Reynolds number 4000-23000. CFD and theoretical results suggest that the wavy absorber tube is more suitable for heat transfer characteristics than a plain absorber tube. For the conventional absorber (plain) tube, the results showed that the convergent-divergent absorber tube thermal efficiency was increased by 4.75%. Nonetheless, a strong consensus was reached in the open literature with existing experimental evidence.
Keywords:  Solar energy, PTC, CFD, cosine profile, exergy analysis.

The objective to assess the impress the factors that influence performance of the student’s in Mathematics and Computer programming among the first year students of KL University.The relationship between student’s educational background, interest towards Mathematics/Computer programming and their attendance towards student’s performance has been studied. Out of 2800 first year students in KL University,a survey has been conducted on 840randomly selected first year engineering students from all branches. The data has been collected using a set of questionnaire and analyzed by importing the statistical methods. It is concluded that all these factors have significant relation with student’s performance in Mathematics as well as in Computer programming.
Keywords:  Student’s performance, Computer programming, Educational background, Interest levels, Attendance, Correlation, Testing of hypothesis.

Solar energy is a renewable source of energy and abundantly available. Thereby harvesting solar energy with solar cells is helping the world to deal with energy crises in a sustainable manner. The photovoltaic silicon based technology is used in solar cells however its high cost is a big issue and this drawback is overcome by perovskite material, leading to more lightweight, flexible and cost-effective material. The ongoing research advances by integrating perovskite solar cell with pseudo super-capacitors to meet with the need of high storage capacity and excellent electro chemical behavior. This is a new research field and has the future scope to provide the world cleaner and efficient energy source.
Keywords:  Solar cells, pervoskite, third generation solar cells, supercapacitor

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the running surface of the main streets of downtown Lima, using the Pavement Condition Index (PCI), in addition to using the methodology called Pavement Management System (PMS), such as support for the calculation of costs related to the deterioration of the aforementioned routes. As a result of the investigation, around 1,600 failures were found, of which approximately 60% were caused by human effects (anthropogenic failures), the main responsibility being the Public Service Companies, and, meaning the coffers municipalities in charge of road maintenance, an extra cost of more than 73% in the annual budget, even though age or weathering were not the cause of its deterioration.
Keywords: Rolling surface, roads, pavement, Pavement Condition Index (PCI), Pavement Management System (PMS).

The recent advancements in Biomedical industries has paved the way for new improvememts in diagnosis and treatment of many disesase in rural areas. Out of these predominant diseases, arthritis ranked the primary cause of disability which notice of all since the number of victims of this threat are countless and a basic solution for better diagnosis is always a necessity.People finds difficulty in muscular activities when they suffer arthritis. The situation becomes worse when these patients have limited medical facility. The delay of detection may cause the severity of the disease at higher risk. Thus, early-stage detection of arthritis and treatment is most important with its type of arthritis and related locomotors. People in rural areas generally have less access to healthcare diagnosis components than their urban counterparts. Hence, there is a need to develop cost-effective portable validated instruments which can be used for early diagnosis of the disease. Integration of green technologies such as Internet of things in medical applications necessitates integration of electronic, software and biosensor to meet growing requirements for sustainable healthcare. The overall system is integrated as hardware for effective screening tool. Implementing the wearable device augment overall performance more efficiently in rural healthcare.
Keywords:  Green Technology, wearable device, screening tool, Wi-Fi

Revolutionary developments are started in the field of superconductors since their discovery. High Temperature Conductors (HTC )have been focused in the field of technology for many scientists because of its potential applications and therefore many changes are made in the products that use such devices. It remains one of the most exciting fields of research and has the potential to revolutionize physics and technology of the future. It is required to understand and learn the history and basic principles of superconductivity for its better implications. Considering its recent discoveries, current applications can be studied.The mechanism of ‘High Temperature Superconductors (HTS)’ is much easier to understand after the significant development made in the field of superconductivity. The purpose of this work is to better understand and appreciate research in the field of superconductors. Basically, HTC has been used in many fields but much progress is needed to be done. High Temperature Superconductors can be used in medical technologies and countless other applications after the effects seen by such improvements.
Keywords:  High Temperature, Superconductors,Superconductivity,electrical resistance, insulator.

The South Korean population is rapidly aging with 13.8% being senior citizens. 20.4% of the households are elderly households, and 43% of the apartments are over 20 years old. Proper architectural planning and design are needed to remodel deteriorating buildings and accommodate increasing elderly households to overcome the disaster. Therefore, this study classified households as either elderly, with elderly members, or non-elderly. It then identified which architectural planning and design factors present differences in satisfaction among the types of households. Finally, this study analyzed whether these factors influence the households’ intentions to remodel. As a result of analyzing the difference among groups through one-way ANOVA, this study found a difference in satisfaction with architectural planning and design factors such as waterproofing, ventilation, soundproofing, safety from disasters and accidents, and fire safety by type of elderly household. Additionally, elderly households showed higher satisfaction than other types. Results of analyzing architectural planning and design factors that affect the decision to remodel through binary logistic regression showed that elderly households are more likely to remodel their homes upon dissatisfaction with their apartment structure, waterproofing, or soundproofing. Moreover, specific architectural planning and design factors that must be remodeled were the wallpaper/paint/floor/window replacement and repair works, as well as the kitchen/bathroom/toilet repair works. Compared to non-elderly households, elderly households are more likely to remodel their homes only when they are dissatisfied with the basic minimum architectural planning and design factors. However, considering that the elderly frequently fall at home, a paradigm shift is needed regarding architectural factors in housing when remodeling for the elderly in Korea. Experts in various fields and the government must pay attention to this matter. It is necessary to make remodeling related to safety mandatory, such as creating a barrier free zone.
Keywords:  elderly, architectural planning and design factors, remodeling, binary logistic regression, decision making

Recently, the basic structure of domestic and foreign buildings is becoming larger. Accordingly, there is a trend that the foundation mat is constructed of mass concrete with a considerably thick member cross section. However, the greatest consideration of this mat concrete is a crack problem due to heat of hydration. In order to secure the quality of mass concrete, a control measure against temperature cracking must be established. Therefore, in this study, the quality of mass concrete is secured by various methods of reducing the temperature difference between the center and the surface through double bubble sheets as well as mixing design, such as mixing a super retardant to reduce the heat of hydration of the mass concrete.
Keywords: Mass Concrete, Concrete foundation, Mix design, Crack-reduction, Durability

In machining processes, surface roughness (Ra) of the turned part is the major quality related issue. Very little work until now has been accounted for modeling of Ra in turning of AISI 4340 steel. This paper deals with the impacts of various cutting parameters such as cutting speed(Vc), feed rate(f) and a range of turning conditions (i.e. dry/wet/liquid nitrogen used as a coolant) on Ra while turning of AISI 4340 steel utilizing tungsten carbide (uncoated) cutting inserts. The results from Taguchi approach have been utilized for building up a numerical model for Ra; using dimensional (Rayleigh’s method) and multiple linear regression analysis. The present results show that cryogenic machining processes can be implemented to minimize the surface roughness characteristics, thus the quality level of final product should be improved. The assessment with observational outcomes will likewise fill in as further approval of the model.
Keywords:  Surface roughness, spindle speed, feed rate, Taguchi approach.

The CFT(Concrete Filled Tube Column) method is a technique that makes the most of the advantages of reinforced concrete and the strength of steel structure. It is a method that has high strength, rigidity, and excellent ductility. Therefore, it is a method that shortens the construction period and reduces the construction cost. CFT seismic reinforcement method is a technique developed to easily reinforce existing buildings by applying the excellence of the CFT method. In this paper, the effect of seismic reinforcement was analyzed through experiments on the bolt-assembled CFT seismic reinforcement methods, one of the seismic reinforcement methods by strength and stiffness reinforcement. The CFT reinforced test specimen was found to have better performance than the unreinforced test specimen, and if applied to the site through the design procedure in accordance with the structural standard, it is expected that the construction period and construction cost can be reduced.
Keywords:  CFT Column, Seismic Reinforcement, Safety, Public building, strengthen, bolt-assembled CFT.

In current scenario of waste management is big problem for society and researcher are continuously working in this field. Recently many researchers have worked on Wood Polymer Composite because of its excellent mechanical property combined with light weight. In this work some waste material like Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) is used as matrix and sawdust as reinforce material. In primary phase composite made by varying sawdust by 10, 20, and 30 percent by weight and also the particle size is being varied from 0.1 -0.2, 0.2 – 0.3 and 0.3 – 0.4 mm using mesh size 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mm on vibrating sieve machine. During sample preparation challenges faced was porosity and non uniform distribution was observed. To remove porosity after mixing sawdust in molten LDPE is compressed in piston cylinder arrangement. And for uniform distribution of sawdust in LDPE different stir time are used but still their further scope of improvement. The prime objective of this work is to utilize the two waste material LDPE and sawdust and make a composite which will have application like furniture material and as structural material where strength is not critical.
Keywords:  Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Wood Plastic Composite (WPC), Thermal Conductivity, Water Absorption

Natural lighting is a necessary human need, and it has an important role to improve the internal environment and reducing energy consumption in buildings, in addition to its aesthetic value. Scientific studies have proven its importance in affecting on humans health and raising the efficiency of his performance,Its very necessary in healthy buildings as an important therapeutic aspect for human health and to enhance the body's immunity in resisting diseases, the paper aims to study the Optimized design for openings(windows) in healthy buildings, especially the design of openings in the spaces of the nursing units, which are the most important spaces in hospitals buildings, to provide a healthy environment and climate comfort in those spaces, improving the internal environment of spaces from during the optimal healthy natural lighting , energy saving and get the best sterilization rate , In practical study the paper select (Al Salam Hospital) in Mosul city as a local model for hospitals buildings, with the help of the computer program(Grasshopper), to reach the Optimization in design of openings in the spaces of the nursing units according to the local climatic elements, which is what the paper conclude in the practical application.
Keywords:  Natural lighting, Openings, Daylight, Nursing Units , Hospital Buildings.

Poor Flexibility, Inconsistent Density, Swell under wet condition and Loss of strength due to wet and dry cycle for soil are key challenges faced by designers and developers, since the origin of civil engineering. Various researchers have worked for the fulfillment of either few or all above challenges. Thereby, numerous admixtures have been proposed under the heading of soil stabilizers and they have been categorized based on origin such as sugarcane bagasse ash, flyash, cement, terrazyme and so on. Similarly, the present study is more or less same in terms of methodology adopted but the attempt has been made with new generation Nano-polymers (Particle size is less than 90nm) called Zycobond.
Keywords:  Soil, Compaction strength, zycobond, Modified Soil, Green development

Many proposals referred to the role of natural environment in the production of environmental treatments in traditional architecture in a way that effects the overall production of the traditional urban environment. But those proposals do not indicate the possibility of employing the concept and methods of these environmental treatments, including the principles of kinetics in traditional architecture used for various purposes, including interaction. Adaptation to climate, especially in hot regions, contributes to the development of the concept of mobility in contemporary architecture. The present study focuses on exploring the concept of mobility in architecture between the treatments used in the traditional environment and the current adopted advanced technological foundations for the concept of mobility in architecture by adopting the environmental standard (climate) and the environmental treatments used in traditional architecture with the aim of protecting buildings environmentally using the concept of kinetic architecture. The present study adopts the descriptive analytical methodin comparing and analyzing the sample. It has reached an explanation of the most important technical foundations extracted from the traditional architecture contained in the traditional dwelling in hot-dry areas as a concept of mobility in the building and its manifestations currently in force in the technical development in the field of the concept of kinetic architecture in modern, technologically advanced buildings in addition to stating the most important modern technology used in adopting the concept of mobility in buildings.
Keywords: Traditional architecture, Kinetic architecture, modern technical, environmental treatments, Mobility.

Today, very high amount of energy is required to run our industries, transportation, household purposes etc. Cole or fossil fuels are used for that purpose but these sources are limited and main reason for environmental pollution. So, we need some efficient pollution free sources of energy. These drawbacks of fossil fuels can be resolved by the use of limitless solar energy. Various instruments and technique are discovered to utilize solar energy such as solar cell, photo catalysis, generation of hydrogen fuel, formation of light harvesting dendrimers etc. Transition metal based dendrimers, complexes and chromophores etc. are much more important due to more tendencies to capture photons from sun light and its economical value in comparison to other chemical techniques. A bionic leaf is constructed for better study of generation of hydrogen to produce fuel. Several dyes are designed to capture photons from sunlight which are used in dye sensitized solar cell and also oxides of transition metals are usable in PEC.
Keywords:  Solar energy, Light harvesting materials, Transition metals, hydrogen generation, photo-catalysis

Machine learning becomes a magical technique over the years, which is addressing almost every problem’s solution in every area. We know, Intrusion detection is one of these important areas, which should be addressed for its accuracy and efficiency improvements. Many researchers have done the work in intrusion detection and produced better outcomes, but still we are facing issues in appropriate detection of intruders in the organizations network and hence coming across disaster results. Also, those systems are failing in timeliness in detection in many cases, where by the time, the intruders are detected, the already of the much damage has been done by these intruders which is not accepted, as detection is post damage. Hence, keeping in mind the importance of detection of intruders for securing organizations network and assets accurately and efficienty, we are proposing the architecture which talks about the effective use of machine learning techniques in developing intrusion detection model. If used appropriately, machine learning techniques can generate unbelievable results in the intrusion detection models as stated in this work.
Keywords:  accuracy, efficiency, intrusion detection, machine learning, security.

Earth is the only home ever known to humans and studies have shown that survival of species on a tiny dot in vacuum is tough and by no means guaranteed forever. Being incredibly venerable to whims of galaxy, to save everything we accomplished from obliteration, humans have to reach beyond our planet. To colonize any other planet construction of shelter has to be the vital step. It costs about 285464 rupees to send a kilogram of materials to lower Earth orbit and it would cost several times more to send it to Mars, so it would be financially ruinous and logistically very difficult to try to ship tonnes of concrete. To make use of the Red Planet’s regolith soil, an inhospitable terrain considering water will be scarce if available and better used for sustaining the lives of the space settlers not for construction. This study holds equivalent importance as much as it takes to travel and transport human to millions miles away from home as it deals with the constructional options humans could have on Mars.
Keywords:  Regolith soil, JSC Mars-1, Sulphur concrete, Magnesium concrete, Martian bricks, Martian glass.

Construction automation refers to software technology such as information serviceusing computer and computer technology, integrated management systemization, and the development of automatic and semi-automatic construction automation equipment for the mechanization of construction. Construction automation refers to the development of construction equipment in the form of manpower substitution or cooperation between personnel and equipment, including functions such as remote control, telecommunication, numerical control, etc. and data collection by various sensors, and construction automation equipment or construction robots. Therefore, this study aims to develop an automated system that can perform various constructions that replace manpower such as cleaning and painting of high-rise buildings using construction robots. Through this, we are trying to prevent safety accidents and secure quality and economy at the same time.
Keywords: Robot, Automation Seismic Performance, Construction Automation, Dust, Painting.

Stateful Firewall enabled Software Defined Network (SDN) with distributed controllers simplify the control and management burden of the network. The existing load balancing techniques are ineffective as it acquires more resource and time to get network traffic flow information. In this paper, a Flow-based Proactive Prediction Load Balancing module (FPPLB) is proposed to handle incoming traffic flows. Using SDN global network view, FPPLB predicts flow variance and proactively suggests traffic migration to an optimal controller. The proposed algorithm has been tested against Least Delay Dynamic Weighted Round Robin (LDDWRR), Weighted Round Robin (WRR), Round-Robin (RR) and Random (R) and the results show the ability of FPPLB algorithm to achieve average throughput with 56%, 71%, 88% and 94% improvement, 15%, 24%, 33% and 35% of lowresponse time and average number of transactions with 14%, 27%, 52%, 55% improvement when compared against LDDWRR, WRR, RR and R respectively.
Keywords:  SDN, Load Balancing, Flow Prediction, Stateful firewall, Distributed Controllers, Proactive load migration.

The present study throws illumination on test results of steel fiber reinforced concrete. To explore said findings sample denotation comprises a concrete specimen ratio of 1:1.43:3.04 and 0.35 water cement ratio. To examine compressive behavior steel fiber of 2% volume fraction and 40 aspect ratio has introduced in conventional concrete. The later obtained results have contrasted with (0%) standard concrete. The compressive strength particulars corresponding to aspect ratio has been portrayed graphically. The depicted information indicates characteristic compressive value of SFRC.
Keywords:  Conventional concrete, Compressive strength, Water cement ratio, Steel Fiber reinforced Concrete, Volume fraction and Aspect ratio.