In cellular systems, with respect to energy efficiency and spectral efficiency, significant performance enhancements are promised using Virtual multiple-input multiple-output (V-MIMO) technology. According to minimum mean square error-ordered successive interference cancellation (MMSE-OSIC) equalization, joint clustering of resources and users are investigated in existing techniques for multi-cell single carrier-frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) uplink systems. The combinational optimization problem is converted into clustering optimization problem for reducing computational complexity. The K-means clustering is a simple as well as widely used clustering algorithm. Problem solving complexity can be reducing by considering this K-means algorithm. But, there are some issues related to time complexity and in effective resource allocation. A Modified Greedy Algorithm (MGA) is proposed in this work for rectifying above mentioned issues. With total sum rate capacity maximization, approximate rate proportionality is achieved using this proposed algorithm. With less computational complexity, higher total capacities are ensured by proposed MGA with VMIMO system, especially with high users count. Better performance is provided by proposed system when compared with existing techniques as shown in results.
Keywords: Modified Greedy Algorithm (MGA), Multi user, Virtual multiple-input multiple-output (V-MIMO), Uplink Transmission, (SC-FDMA) uplink systems.

A wind power forecast corresponds to an estimate of the expected production of one or more wind turbines. Due to the variability and stochastic nature of wind power, accurate wind power forecasting plays an important role in developing reliable and economic power system operation and control strategies. As wind variability is stochastic, many of statistical models including linear and non-linear models such as ARIMA, kalman filters, artificial neural network, and support vector machines respectively were used to capture the randomness of wind energy. However, the disadvantages of various approaches include its computation complexity and incapability to adapt to time varying time-series systems. This study uses Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) for time series prediction of wind power generation of a wind farm. LSTM models are powerful enough to learn the most important past behaviors and understand whether or not those past behaviors are important features in making future predictions. The experimental study revealed the LSTM model showed better performance when compared to other conventional forecast algorithms.
Keywords: wind power; forecasting; Long-Short Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network; time series

This paper presents an exploratory evaluation of the CFST columns under axial loading with different thicknesses of outer steel tube and column diameters. 4 mm and 5 mm outer steel tube with 100 mm, 125 mm, 150 mm outer diameter, and concrete of grade M30 was used in this study. The systematic outcomes are validated with the corresponding investigational by comparing its ductility index, secant stiffness, maximum confining pressure, and load-deformation behavior under axial loading on CFST columns. Many schemes were generated to evaluate the best set of parameters under axial loading to get the behavior of CFST columns. After studying the various increments of loading, the concrete began to fail from the center of the longitudinal section. This failure ends up at each end of the longitudinal section. This load transfer can resume from the middle of the longitudinal section. At this time the concrete begins to skinny from the middle and also the tension within the steel tube is targeted within the center of the longitudinal section. The load versus displacement graph is designed to evaluate the performance of the CFST column under axial loading.
Keywords: CFST columns, experimental investigation, finite element modeling, secant stiffness, confining pressure, ductility index.

Information Retrieval (IR) is research to search for documents related to a large data set that the user is being queried. It is a great way to automatically increase the size of document resources on the Internet, including in-document collections and more. It has the significance of the largest unstructured data to improve the IR system's performance based on effective soft computing techniques and various ways. In most cases, the enterprise data from search engines to browse or create their queries and fields while trying to compile results from the technique used in this Clustering. However, this is not too ideal for working only in an information search environment. This work focuses on enhancing information access and retrieval techniques by developing a Devise Optimal Quality Threshold Clustering (DOQTC) algorithm. Vector combination Sentence similarity measurement is used to find the similarity sentence from the user query set. To introduce a Max key term extraction method, extract the two pairs of sentence features to improve information retrieval in the web database. The categorical text clustering approach is practiced to bring more accuracy to the mining process. In this work, efficient information retrieval from different cluster classes and improve performance IR system compared to other existing methods.
Keywords: Max key term extraction,Information Retrieval (IR), Devise Optimal Quality Threshold Clustering (DOQTC), Vector combination Sentence, enhancing information, Clustering.

In asset management, a valuable tool is damage diagnosis. Sensor technology advancements enhances this tool, which permits system monitoring while producing massive data for state diagnosis. During hydro-junction infrastructure’s long-term operation, crack in concrete surfaces are caused by water flow erosion and it leads to seepage, spalling and rebar exposure. It is critical to detect those damages for ensuring infrastructure safety.A hybrid convolutional with recurrent neural network (HCRNN) is used for proposing highly accurate damage detection technique for addressing this issues and Transfer Learning (TL) is used for classification. First, using a high-definition camera, from hydro-junction infrastructure, images are collected. Second, using image expansion technique, pre-processed the images. At last, Inception-v3 structure is modified and using transfer learning network is trained for detecting damage. Around 96.8% accuracy is produced by proposed damage detection technique as shown in experimentation, which is considerably higher than support vector machine’s accuracy. Better damage detection performance can be achieved using our damage detection technique as demonstrated in results.
Keywords: Concrete surface defect, structural health monitoring, transfer learning, deep convolutional neural network, damage detection, hydro- junction infrastructure, recurrent neural network.

Mobile services are constrained to geographical locations and thus several processes of handover and hand offs come into picture. This may bring in latency, which impacts over the user experience. This paper proposes a scheme that reduces the time consumption for hand over both in terms of Mobile Node (MN) and Access Point (AP). The entire work is based on four phases such as NLP-handover scheme, NLP-handover filter, handover authentication phase and session key upgrade phase. The performance of the proposed work is evaluated by considering the execution time of MN and AP. The experimental results prove that the proposed work outperforms the existing technique.
Keywords: Mobile node, access point, hand over, hand off.

Diluted magnetic oxides (DMO) have been the crux of the focus a recently because of their potential for spintronics activities. In this paper, room temperature ferromagnetism is reported in Co doped CeO2nano-powders prepared using chemical coprecipitation method. Analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals individual phase formation up to 7 % doping of Co. Analysis of Energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) corroborates stoichiometry of samples. When we scan the electron microscope (SEM) images of Ce1-x.Cox,O2, it is clearly illustrated the nanocrystalline nature, considerable particle size distribution and aggregation. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements show a diamagnetic signature for undoped CeO2. However, a strong ferromagnetic behavior is observed at room temperature for Ce0.96Co0.04O2, making it a potential candidate for spintronics applications.
Keywords: Diluted magnetic oxides, Spintronics, CeO2, Co doping, Ferromagnetism.

The research aims to propose a green infrastructure design that allows sustainable urban transport through ecological corridors and seeks to improve the quality of life of users and improve the landscape image of the Lomas del Paraíso. Through the topographic survey of the place, the route of the green corridor was traced through the regulatory backstops that allows to connect eco-friendly spaces that implies a cultural change in transport habits, also the climatic conditions of the place, the flora and fauna are fundamental the proposal of the green corridor to promote cycling which allows the improvement of the quality of life of the users, As a result, a bike lane was designed that has 1.7 km to travel, increasing the flow of visitors and spreading ecotourism attractions through of the tour.
Keywords: Ecological corridors, sustainable urban, green infrastructure, landscape image

The objective of the study is to see the heating effects on lime stabilized low compressibility clay (CL) at two different temperatures of 350C and 900C on specific gravity, liquid limit, plastic limit (PL), optimum moisture content (OMC), maximum dry density (MDD) and coefficient of permeability. The percentage additionoflimetoclaysoilwastakenas4%,6%,8%and12%.Generally,itisfoundfromliterature thatlimebetween5%and10%providesthemaximumbenefitforstabilizationofsoil.Wewouldlike toprobethebenefitsoflimestabilizationslightlybelowandabovethisrange. It is observed from the results, that liquid limit (LL) decreased from 15.4% for 0% lime to 13.5% for 12% lime at 350C and to 13.2% for 12% lime at 900C. The plastic limit (PL) increased correspondingly and the values are 12%, 12.7%, 12.9% respectively. The values of OMC decreased and the values are 12.5%, 11.85%, 10.9% respectively. The values of MDD increased and the values are 1.82 gm/cc, 1.90 gm/cc, 1.95 gm/cc respectively. The coefficient of permeability (k) values decreased and the values are 11×10-6 cm/sec, 8.3×10-6 cm/sec, 7.6×10-6 cm/sec respectively.
Keywords: ClayHeating, Lime-stabilization, Compaction, Permeability, Soil Properties.

Driven by the ever-growing phase of smart technologies, the era of transforming from conventional power grids to smart electrical grids is rising rapidly, paving the way for seamless, sustainable, safe and efficient energy distribution and consumption. The essential component of the smart grid, namely the AMI [Advanced Metering Infrastructure] plays the vital role of two-way communication of data between the consumers and utilities making it possible to achieve a perfect demand-supply balance. This imposes the need to establish various standards and protocols in the AMI for data security, data collection, data processing, data privacy and network security failing which the end-to-end operation of the smart grid becomes vulnerable with adversaries. However, with the adoption of security frameworks in place, the information accumulated and communicated through the AMI can prove to be a valuable asset for the utility companies to conduct several analysis and predictions, thus improving efficiency. In this paper, the concept of data analytics is investigated in detail along with its methods, techniques and applications, especially in the context of metering infrastructure of smart grids. The various dimensions of applying data analytics securely in the AMI are analysed with a focus on analytics on encrypted meter data. A comparative analysis of the existing techniques are presented. The challenges to be overcome in applying analytics on energy data has been discussed as well, and future scope and direction in the field has been highlighted.
Keywords: Smart Grid, Advanced Metering Infrastructure, Data Analytics, Data encryption.

Secret information is shared in Military communication and it has to ensure the secured data transmission. The design and handling of military communications systems endowed with the capability of facilitating network oriented operations is still one of the biggest concerns in military systems. Communication in war field is a highly challenging task as soldiers are scattered in various locations. In this scenario, route path construction and routing would become an extreme burden owing to troops scattered in different places and in addition, the information security holds due significance. For the proper functioning of the network, each node must, not just be capable of sending and receiving packets, but also must function as a relay station for packets along their way to their ultimate destination. However, all these aspects are difficult to be combined in a MANET and this technical work attempts solving both routing and security issues efficiently. In MANET, for providing better as well as effective route path establishment, various research works has been focused. This work highlights on cluster based routing protocol and detection of the packet drop attack employing the novel attack detection mechanisms. Proposed work, called Multi-Objective aware Micro-Macro Clustering using Hybridized Additive Weight based Cuckoo Search Algorithm (MO-MMC-HAWCSA). Also a simple, efficient detection approach known as Improved Side Channel Monitoring (ISCM) is designed for packet drop attack in battleground. At first, the proposed work helps in achieving optimal mobile node clustering by considering multiple objectives like stability, bandwidth, energy anddistance. First, it selects optimal Cluster Head (CH) in accordance of which the optimal clustering would be carried out. At last, attack detection operations carried out with ISCM technique uses thenodes close to a data communication route to monitorthe node’s message forwarding behavior present along the route. Hence, utilized the NS2 simulator to compare proposed work MO-MMC-ISCM performance results with other state-of-the-art cluster-based routing protocols like HSACP, EE-HTLC, FCM and MO-MMC-HAWGA methods. Results of the MO-MMC-ISCM models are evaluated with the parameters of energy consumption, residual energy. Experiments are evaluated using NS2 simulation environment and it is proved that proposed MO-MMC-HAWGA provides better optimal result than existing methods.
Keywords: Improved Side Channel Monitoring (ISCM), Cluster Head (CH), Multi-Objective aware Micro-Macro Clustering using Hybridized Additive Weight based Cuckoo Search Algorithm (MO-MMC-HAWCSA), Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA), Denial Of Service (DoS).

Radiation pattern with sector nulls, asymmetric multiple nulls in desired directions with low peak side lobe levels (PSLL) need to be synthesized for interference free communication systems. Phase only antenna array synthesis is more appropriate to achieve asymmetric nulls in desired directions. In order to achieve optimal phases for desired radiation pattern, an optimization technique with good exploration and exploitation properties need to be developed. In this paper, Modified Mutated Cat Swarm Optimization (MMCSO)is suggested to optimize the linear antenna array phases of the indiv idual antenna component to position the asymmetric and sector nulls in the desired directions with low PSLL. Several linear antenna arrays include both small and large arrays are considered for phase only synthesis. Taylor amplitude profile has been considered for amplitude excitations. Numerical results illustrates that the optimized array patterns with imposed sector and asymmetric multiple nulls while maintaining PSLL of less than -25dB has been successfully achieved by the proposed MMCSO.
Keywords: Null steering, Phase excitations, Modified Mutated Cat Swarm Optimization (MMCSO), Antenna Arrays, Asymmetrical nulls.

Recyclability of the synthetic fibers reinforced composites is a major challenge for the environment, so in the present research work some natural fibers such as Abaca, Ramie and Neem reinforced composites with different weight % were developed by injection molding for different structural applications. Further the different characterisation techniques such as SEM, tensile and flexural strength were used to study their microstructural and mechanical behaviour. The Abaca-Ramie hybrid composite (20 wt.%) offered highest tensile strength (16.15 MPa), and Neem fiber (20 wt.%) reinforced RHDPE/VHDPE composite offered highest flexural strength.
Keywords:  Abaca Fiber; Ramie Fiber; Neem Fiber; Polyethylene; Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM); Tensile Strength; Flexural Strength

Solar radiation (SR) and temperature (T) are important weather conditions in the atmosphere and have a clear and significant impact on the behavior of gases in the atmosphere. Where in this research the study of the behavior of the daily and monthly mean temperature, solar radiation, and gas concentrations (Water vapor H2O, Methane CH4, and Carbon monoxide CO) for the year 2015 is one of the years that witnessed great extremism in the study stations (Mosul, Baghdad, Rutba and Basrah) in Iraq, data are taken from the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecast (ECMWF).Where it was found that the highest daily mean temperature in the stations of Baghdad and Basrah, where it recorded more than 50 oC in the days of August and July and that the highest daily mean of solar radiation was in the Mosul and Rutba stations, where it recorded more than 1100 watts/m2 during the days of July and the lowest mean daily temperature was at the Mosul and Rutba, the lowest daily global solar radiation was in the Rutba and Mosul stations.As for gas concentrations, the highest daily mean concentration of carbon monoxide gas was recorded in the Baghdad station and the lowest daily mean for the gas concentration was in the Rutbah station, the highest daily mean of water vapor gas concentration was in the Basrah station, the lowest daily mean of gas concentration was in the Mosul station, the highest daily mean of Methane gas concentration was in the Basrah and Baghdad stations, the daily mean of methane gas concentration was in the Rutba station,as was the samewith regard to the monthly mean of gas concentrations
Keywords: Temperature, solar radiation, gas concentration, weather conditions, Iraq.

Motor vehicle drivers experience a big challenge from the bright beam falling directly on their eyes during their drive at night-times or fog. The driver feels an abrupt glare for a brief duration of time while driving at night. This results from the intensive beam of the headlight emitting from the vehicle that is driving towards him in the other lane. This glare results in a person becoming temporarily blind when they encounter road accidents during the dark of the night. So, need to avoid such kind of accidents. To solve this issue, developing an automatic headlight control method which uses light intensity sensor to control and adjust the headlight brightness when it perceives the light intensity from the headlight of the opposite vehicle. This method helps the drivers to avoid such problems. The proposed system consists of light sensor, PIC controller and relay switching unit. Here, the Light intensity detection sensor (3DU5C) is connected with a PIC18F45K22 controller to sense the environmental details and actuates the head light according to the opposite vehicle light intensity conditions.
Keywords: PIC controller, High beam, Vehicle, 3DU5C, PIC18F45K22 Microcontroller.

The current pursuit poses an approach for fabricating BCZT/PVP multilayer films are prepared under controlled hydrolysis method and spin coating method on Polymide for Microwave absorption applications. BCZT Particles of an average dimension of 50.36 ± 12.97 nm and crystal size of 29 nm and a tetragonal crystalline phase were synthesized by adding ethanol/acetic acid aqueous solution with acetates combination, which were suspended with magnetic stirring for 12 hrs at room temperature and 5 hrs at 70⁰C. A Polymide, of which surface was modified with polyvinylpyrrolidone, was immersed into BCZT solute, which resulted in the deposition of the BCZT gel, on the on polyimide substrate at 600 rpm rotating speed with 5% PVP volume fraction for multilayer’s. Microwave reflection losses (RL) in 5.51 and 13.50 GHz of – 29.4 dB and – 21 dB reflection loss was revealed by BCZT / PVP multi-layered composite films. The activation of dual strips is imputed in such composite systems because of its dipolar relaxation at 5.51 GHz and secondary resonance at 13.50 GHz. These combinations of BCZT / PVP systems display dual-band microwave resonance, which extends the microwave modification feature opening.
Keywords:  BCZT/PVP multilayer films, Dual-Band Resonance,Polyimide substrate, Microwave Absorption, Substrate.

During the previous decades our condition has changed extensively because of high abuse of natural assets and unmanageable measure of waste products and that are continually additions to the environment. This has brought the present ecological emergency which has not only endangered human presence but also presenting danger to plant species. The different challenges faced in nowadays incorporate atmosphere changes subsequently a worldwide temperature alteration, rising populations and food requirements, soil degradation, more bugs and illnesses and so forth. This paper includes a review of challenges faced in today’s agriculture and future technologies that can help to cope with these challenges.
Keywords: Agriculture, Challenges, future technologies, Industry, Environment

There is an increasing rise in wireless data demand. This is creating a significant thruston existing networks. Fortunately there is an alternative to this demand. It is to switch the focus to sub-6-GHz spectrum to meet out the escalating need. Sub-6-GHz spectrum is extremely effective at delivering wireless services at long distances in a highly effective way. It meets the need for wide area coverage and data rate upto a few Gbps. Beamforming is the only solution for more coverage, more users and more bandwidth. In 5G networks, millimeter wave communication is achieved by the hybrid transceivers. In this hybrid beamforming design, the high dimensional analog phase shifter and power amplifiers are combined with lower dimensional digital signal processing units. Hence it is a highly cost effective and energy efficient design method to facilitate 5G wireless communication.
Keywords: 5G, Beamforming, Hybrid beamforming, millimeter wave, antenna patterns,communication

This work of wireless mesh networks consists of mobile nodes as well as data collector mobility. Most of the mesh networks deployed in flat terrain structures have node mobility, but the data collector is stationary. Nonuniform terrain structures consist of grid-based terrains, uneven structures of sensing field. In these types of structures, collecting data by fixing the data collector at a fixed point is a complex challenge to maintain throughput and lifetime of the network. To achieve the lifetime, network efficiency, throughput, and QoS the data collector is transformed as a mobile node. Due to mobile data collectors (MDC), many issues like link failures, malicious attacks will overcome and the network can achieve good results compared to traditional networks. We have compared the performance of the proposed routing protocol with SPT, MLPA, GLBO and it reveals that the proposed routing protocol improved the network lifetime significantly.
Keywords: Wireless mesh networks(WMN), mobile mode, mobile data collector(MDC), Mobility,Lifetime.

For many decades, in flexible pavements, the most serious distress is rutting. The asphalt mixture’s rutting potential is evaluated using an explanatory index called flow number. For assessing asphalt mixture’s rutting potential, asphalt–aggregate mixture’s flow number is proposed as an explanatory factor. To model asphalt mixture’s flow number, a Birds Behaviour Optimization with weighted least squares supports vector machine (BBO-WLS2VM) technique is proposed in this study. The Morlet wavelet kernel functions and radial basis function (RBF) are integrated with weighted least squares–support vector machine (WLS–SVM) in BBO-WLS2VM approach for enhancing WLS2VM’s generalization and learning ability. Adopted linear convex combination of Morlet wavelet kernel and radial basis function (RBF) which are the commonly used kernel functions, in proposed BBO-WLS2VM. In fault prediction, it provides strong potential. In specific, the Gaussian RBF kernel and punishment factor’s most important parameters are computed by employing a suitable Birds Behaviour Optimization (BBO) algorithm further, which produces high accuracy. A database with 118 uniaxial dynamic creep test results is used in experimentation for validating the proposed technique’s efficiency. Between measured and predicted flow number values, a better agreement is shown by statistical criteria results. Further, when compared with the other methods found in the literature, superior performance is exhibited by the proposed BBO-WLS2VM technique as demonstrated in simulation results.
Keywords: Morlet wavelet, radial basis function, weighted least squares– support vector machine, multiple–kernel, flow number, Birds Behaviour Optimization, asphalt–aggregate mixture.

The discernment of comfort of a human comes from his basic needs to maintain the temperature of the body between 36◦C to 38◦C. Human thermal comfort and energy consumption has been a dominant problem in the tropical climates. Residential buildings in India are the largest consumers of power consumption. Few researchers have strived to find the comfort band and neutral temperatures for various climatic zones in India. This research attempts to find the Operative Temperature of people living in naturally conditioned highrise residential buildings in two different locations with distance from the urban coastal area and peri urban area in Chennai for a sustainable living. The Operative Temperature is derived from the climatic variables air temperature, air velocity and the mean radiant temperatureoftheenclosedspace.Theindoorenvironmentalvariableswere evaluatedforthewintermonthsNovember, December and Mid January in the urban coastal and peri urban naturally ventilated highrise apartments. The findings of this study shows that the operative temperature of the urban coastal area is 27.8◦C and peri urban coastal area is 26.4◦C.
Keywords: Thermal Comfort ; Comfort band ; Operative Temperature ; Hot and Humid; Urban; Peri Urban.

Decision making is very sensitive and much attention in recent years. In this paper proposed the Weight Analysis Algorithm using Relative Closeness Tool and it can be represented by Fuzzy Soft Set techniques. This technique is used to categorize the crops monitoring .The primary aim of this paper helps to supervise the classification and focus the problem of Farmers also propose the Fuzzy Membership Weight Analysis Algorithm to selecting the suitable crop to be cultivated depending on the available features using Relative closeness Tool for effective decision making.
Keywords: Fuzzy soft set, Weight Aggregation Analysis Algorithm, Relative Closeness tool, Decision making, Crop monitoring.

Security is one of the major concerns in varied applications and fields, especially in recent decades. In wireless sensor networks, the limitation of resources and security threats aremajor problems in the last few years. There are different security threats, which affect wireless sensor network’s security, network lifetime, and functionality. An enhanced intrusion detection system (IDS) is implemented for avoiding these issues using a modified binary grey wolf optimizer with support vector machine (MGWOSVM-IDS) in recent works. Best wolves count is computed in GWOSVM-IDS using 3 wolves, 5 wolves, and 7 wolves. Enhancement of detection rate and intrusion detection accuracy is mainly focused on the proposed technique while minimizing the processing time of the WSN environment. In the WSN environment, several features resulted, and false alarm rates are minimized to reduce processing time. However, the dataset features various characteristics that cannot be computed using traditional SVM techniques. A Support vector machine (WK-SVM) technique based on weighted kernel function is used in this work for rectifying these issues and for classifying more input features. With respect to Packet delivery ratio, intrusion detection rate, the proposed method’s effectiveness is shown using the NSL-KDD’99 dataset in experimentation.
Keywords: Binary grey wolf optimizer, Network Life Time, False alarms rates, Intrusion detection, Packet delivery ratio.

This research aims to develop a model using Finite Element Method (FEM) to investigate the pullout behaviour of single steel fiber embedded in concrete matrix on simulation basis, thereby avoiding conduct of laborious experiments involving usage of constituent materials of concrete, thus leading to sustainable development. Cracking of concrete is depending on the type and amount of fiber in concrete that contributes in delaying failure and obtaining post cracking tensile strength. Concepts on bond behaviour between fiber/matrix becomes essential to understand the pullout responses. Frictional behaviour of straight and hooked end steel fiber is identified while entrenched in High Strength Concrete (HSC) with cubical concrete cross sectional area. Plastic deformation and shrinkage of steel fiber are considered to be effective in evaluating the local damage of fiber/concrete matrix. Pull out performance of fiber in HSC matrix (of grade M70 and M80) is analysed and are compared.The developed model accounts for analysing the pullout behaviour of single fiber with various configurations of fiber, concrete strength, aspect ratio and embedment length. The findings from the analysis indicate variation in fiber morphology proved to have considerable effect on peak load and pullout energy. With anchorage effect and deformed topology, hooked end fiber has got maximum peak load and better interfacial bond strength with high strength concrete matrix. In case of straight fibers, due to the absence of anchorage effect, fiber failed due to sliding effect that resulted in a minimal bond strength between fiber/matrix. Earlier the model is successfully calibrated and validated with the mesh sensitivity analysis with the previously published results.
Keywords: Finite Element Analysis, Pull-out load, Bond strength, Steel fiber, High Strength Concrete

5, 2019.

The location and the magnitude of the energy produced transferred to the distribution network by Distribution Generation Units (DGU) have an authority for the everyday functions of the whole network. It may either make the system more effective or capable to reduce the working of the network which may unfavorably impact on the network stability. DGU provides the large power supply, it is able to repeal the flow of current direction. For this reason, it is essential to find the position of the DGU, and appropriate size, so as to keep loss minimum. The purpose of the work is to investigate upon the optimization technique that can be used to minimize the losses and henceforth improves the performance of the distribution system.
Keywords: Distributed Generation, Optimization techniques, Integration of DG

Over the past few years, fiber-reinforced polymer materials have been recognized in the field of structural repair and restoration. This FRP composite material adheres well to concrete elements and causes a slight increase in cross-sectional dimensions. FRP composites are becoming a substitute for bonding steel plates and other techniques used to modernize and strengthen structures. Environmental effects have a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties and physical properties of the FRP composite material. Hence, an attempt has been made to study the stress behavior of the short RC column constrained by FRP. The parameters tested were the material content (including glass fibre, basalt fibre and carbon fiber as a polymer substitute) and the number of plies (single plies and double plies). Experiments have shown that short RC columns containing polymer reinforced polymers are stronger than RC for shortening all glass and basalt reinforced polymers in single and double plies.
Keywords: GFRP (Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer), BFRP (Basalt Fibre Reinforced Polymer), CFRP (Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer), Confinement, Short RC column, Strength in compression and Strengthening.

A similar research paper on the mechanical behavior of high-performance concrete has been introduced by incorporating waste foundry sand (WFS) as a partial re-establishment of sand. The sand replaced mass with 0%, 7.5%, 15%, 22.5% and 30% WFS. The following properties are studied, namely, symmetry, quality of concrete, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexibility strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete. The use of waste foundry sand, tested by ultrasonic pulse velocity (NDT) method to help improve mechanical properties in 7, 28, 90 days, achieves superior homogeneity and quality. Unlike waste foundry sand, they have no adverse effect on strength properties as they are in their limits. A maximum strength of 15% can be observed in the placement of sand with waste foundry sand. If we include this by-product derived from the foundry industry, it will reduce the demand for conventional materials (sand) used in the manufacture of concrete and help in sustainable construction.
Keywords: Waste foundry sand, concrete, ultra sonic pulse velocity, modulus of elasticity

The optical networking technology has taken a dimension of Elastic Optical Networking to support unprecedented growth of internet traffic fuelled by burgeoning media applications, e-governance, residential backhaul and enterprises’ data traffic. Though the elastic optical networking has promising capabilities to satisfy enormous bandwidth requirements, there are inherent challenges in routing and spectrum assignment(RSA) in view of optimal use of resources. The article presents a comprehensive survey of spectrum assignment techniques related to network planning and operation; their classifications into distance adaptive RSA, traffic grooming, fragmentation aware, load balancing and survivability issues.
Keywords: Elastic optical networks, lightpath, routing and spectrum assignment, ILP formulations, heuristics

A potential independent model is applied in the present study to determine the thermophysical properties of nano-oxides, viz n-ZnO; n-ZrO2; n-NiO and n- TiO2 under varying temperature. The temperature dependent form of an equation of state is used for the study. The volume expansion takes place in nano-oxides with increase in temperature and the obtained results are found compatible with the experimental data available. The model is further extended to study the change in bulk modulus in nanocrystalline n-ZnO and n-TiO2 with increase in temperature. The trend of variation of elastic modulus with increase in temperature is observed same in nano-oxides as in bulk materials. The model calculations depict relative decrease in bulk modulus as temperature is increased in nano-oxides.
Keywords: Temperature, Thermal expansion, Nano-oxides, Bulk modulus, Equation of state.

High dimensional data throws challenges like curse of dimensionality and data imbalance especially for weather and climate. This often leads to suboptimal performance of algorithms used for outlier detection. The existing methods based on unsupervised and supervised learning have their strengths. For instance, supervised learning can predict outliers based on quality of training while the unsupervised learning methods are good at learning complex patterns. Combining both supervised and unsupervised approaches gain the synergic effect of the both methods. In this paper, we proposed a framework known as Hybrid Machine Learning based Framework for Outlier Detection (HMLF-OD). It has an underlying algorithm named Hybrid Outlier Prediction (HOP). The algorithm combines the strengths of unsupervised outlier and supervised outlier methods. It results in an improved feature space that causes performance improvement. The algorithm is evaluated with seven real-world outlier detection datasets namely Cardio, Letter, Arrhythmia, Mnist, Satellite, Speech and Mammography. TensorFlow is used as backend. The experimental results revealed that the proposed framework outperforms the state of the art for weather and climate data. The proposed method can be used as a pre-processing task for large scale predictive analytics in weather and climate analysis. The performance of the proposed method on the other domain datasets including the healthcare was also compared and results found satisfactory.
Keywords: Outlier detection, hybrid machine learning, unsupervised learning, supervised learning, feature space

The previous studies have been explored the synthesis and preparations of the functionally and sensitive materials and applied for the components in the sensing, actuating and electronics applications. The stimuli responsive materials have been explored to a great extent for the preparations of the pressure, thermal, gas, displacement, force, speed, chemical, humidity, blood pressures. Also, the some of the studies have been reported for the preparations of the biomedical sensors and biosensors for different prospective. The additive manufacturing has been considered as one of the most advance techniques for sensor manufacturing with edge of design flexibilities. This study highlights the additive manufacturing of the various sensors and actuators in possible engineering applications.
Keywords: physical sensors, 3D printing, thermal sensors, gas sensors, chemical sensors

Over numerous scalable services, cloud computing provides cost-effective solutions. Security issues related to the management of information, programs and communications, however, impede the rapid implementation on a large scale of cloud-based services. While there are several solutions, there are still problems that do need to be efficiently solved with performance, usability and demonstrated protection. This paper discusses the numerous problems, current solutions and cloud security constraints, with an emphasis on aspects of data utilization review, like storing data, database management and authentication. It ends with a discussion on possible directions for research that could lead to much more reliable confidentiality and cloud protection.
Keywords:  Cloud technology, security of data, analytics of data, methods of cryptography, homomorphism, Intelligence in computing.

Sand for moulding remains an essential raw materials inspite of many developments had taken place in recent past. Sand from site has to undergo sequence of operations like Transport to the work spot, Unloading at the factory, Storage, Internal Transport, to moulding boxes. Knockout from moulding boxes after solidification of the casting to the store of used sand, loading the truck with seed/disposable sand, Transport, Disposal. To overcome the above, ceramic material can be used as replacement for moulding sand. It is proposed to develop an equivalent for steel foundry moulding sand. It is ceramic/refractory family material which is to be processed to result as sand grain like material. The Conditions should be Refractory enough to take liquid steel at its superheated state at 17000C to 18000C not reactive to any foundry Chemicals/Additives coatings, Safe enough to handle with bare hand human contact. Compatible to certain degree could be cost effective (justify the cost of production, as against naturally washed sea/river sand) should be easy to knockout/decor (Removal of casting from poured mould) Material should be recyclable/by conventional foundry equipments. More foundry friendly (Compatible to any material poured) By means of beneficiation the natural ceramic materials are to be upgraded to higher levels of Al2O3, Al2O5, (Alumina), are to be sintered into required temperature and are to be shaped to required size. Continuous powder handling makes fluidization a most prominent operation industrially along with its better heat and mass transfer rate. Particles of different size have very distinct Fluidization behavior based on empirical observations, classified powders into four groups. A for aerated, B for bubbling, C for cohesive and D for large particles. Fluidization of nanoparticles was possible due to the formation of agglomerates. Their collapse velocities are identical. Recycling of the ceramic material for moulding by means of Fluidization and related process and comparison of the same with the moulding sand with respect to every property are to be determined in this study.
Keywords:  Bauxite, fluidization, Ceramic micro globules, Moulding sand, Solidification.

Major ideology for this proposal used to maintaining and detection of high voltage stress in MV or HV underground cables. The monitoring of UG cables can be done by i2c protocol using embedded technology. Every one kilometer sensor (slaves) is placed to know the information about the voltage stress level. Thus conversely provides the data about the UG cables. All the data are stored in master controller (PIC controller). In case any abnormal voltage disturbance in the UG cable, the correction can be done in input side by using step down transformer. In output side can be controlled by step up transformer. The fault distance can be calculated with the help of the straightforward idea of ohm's law and also the fault location easily identified and corrected in very fast manner by using communication protocol. At the point shortcoming as, low out happens, drop of voltage contingent upon the size of flaw in link, load current fluctuates and refreshed in IOT.
Keywords: UG cable, Voltage stress, DWT, SGWT, IOT, Think speak web page.

In the investigation, the impact of different welding parameters is concentrated on their quality of welding joint by electrical resistance spot welding. During study, learned about welding boundaries as welding time, hold time, welding current, time for up slant time & down slant, terminal weight & so on welding current reaches from 4 KA to 29 KA for various material and welding time commonly different 5 cycle to 25 cycles, anode pressure 2 KN to 6 KN are utilized. The impact of core size on the shear strength is concentrated during literature review.
Keywords: Electric resistance spot welding; Electrode pressure; Welding current; Welding time; Hold time.

Cloud computing is a hot topic in resources planning and the planning of appropriate cloud workloads is focused on the Cloud application's QoS needs. Many methods for calculating cloud computing resources under several aspects have been developed. However, researchers continue to face problems in selecting the efficient and acceptable resource planning strategy for a specific workload based on existing resource planning techniques. The use of resources is the main aim of cloud planning, since resources are available as a service. The way cloud services are designed to serve the cloud user in the application layer is critical in cloud management and research planning. In this text, we analyse algorithms based on two dimensions for resource scheduling. Firstly, the resources are configured on a QoS basis and the goals such as task making-up, user costs and app output optimise. First the cloud provider needs to prepare the proficient cloud resource to use the supply or to save carbon costs or renewable cloud resources. Under the division of three the current techniques are checkedscheduling for user QoS, scheduling for provider efficiency, or scheduling for negotiation subcategories.
Keywords: Cloud, Scheduling, QoS, Makespan, Energy.

Data clustering technique is widely used in several fields and most clustering algorithms does not provide sufficient performance on overlap clustering. In this research, Improved Hierarchical Agglomerative clustering (IHAC) technique is proposed for overlap clustering technique. The HAC method processes the data from the bottom to top manner. The HAC method process on the raw data and the proposed IHAC method perform based on the data centroid. The commonly used k-means algorithm are applied to identify the centroid in the data. The three techniques such as single link scheme, complete link scheme and Group Average Linkage (UPGMA) are used in the proposed method. The ten medical dataset from the UCI are considered for evaluating the efficiency of the proposed method. The FBCubed metrics are newly developed metrics and provides the better analysis about the system. The experimental result shows that the IHAC has the higher performance compared to the existing method in overlap clustering. The IHAC method achieved the FBcubed measure of 0.6781 ± 0.3177, while state-of-art method acquired 0.5433 ± 0.0349.
Keywords: Data clustering, FBCubed, Improved Hierarchical Agglomerative clustering, k-means, and overlap clustering.

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), a valuable resource is an energy. Entire network communication will get collapse if there is a minimization in nodes' energy. So, after network deployment, there is a need to monitor energy consumption continuously. For energy-efficient packet transmission, clustering can be used and successful routing can be done by using optimal path selection. For best path optimization, particle swarm optimization is used in existing works. However, particle swarm’s exploration ability is restricted by this scheme, this is a major drawback of it. A convergence improved Particle swarm optimization [CIPSO] is introduced for overcoming this issue. With respect to network lifetime and energy consumption, the proposed technique's effectiveness is demonstrated in experimental results.
Keywords: Path selection, Routing, Energy consumption, Particle swarm optimization, Clustering.

Present work reports on the development of two different NiCrBSi based coatings reinforced with flyash and flyash/TiO2. Dense coatings with lamellar structure were establishedvia atmospheric plasma spray (APS) method on nickel based superalloy Superni 76. Coatings were subjected to scanning Xray deflection and electron microscopy to study the microstructure and phase analysis. Microhardness and elevated temperature wear tests were conducted to analyze the coating hardness, wear andfriction characteristics. Worn surface and wear debris obtained once wear experiment was calculatedvia scanning electron microscopy. Both the coatings exhibited lamellar structure with flyash and TiO2 particles present at the inter-splat boundaries. Mcirohardness of both the coatings were significantly greater than theSuperni 76 substrate. The wear rate of both the coatings was found to increase with the increase in load as well as temperature. Worn surface analysis revealed mild abrasion and adhesion for NiCrBSi/flyash coatings while brittle fracture for NiCrBSi/flyash/TiO2 coatings as major wear mechanism.
Keywords:  Atmospheric Plasma Spray; NiCrBSi; Friction; Wear; Elevated Temperature.

Network lifetime and throughput are one of the key concerns when developing wireless sensor network (WSN) routing protocols. Most of the latest systems, however, are oriented to extending network life. Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) is one of the significant hierarchical protocols used to reduce energy consumption in WSNs. This article provides an extensive analysis of LEACH-variant clustering protocols for WSNs. This article is focused on cluster and CH selection techniques and their strengths and weaknesses. A new taxonomy will be provided based on distinct classes to discuss LEACH variations, and the present study will be contrasted with other existing studies. This paper surveys energy efficient routing schemes in WSN for extended lifespan. This paper exploits multilayer cluster architecture for energy-efficient selection of forwarding nodes, rotation of cluster heads, as well as inter- and intra-cluster routing. Comparison findings of the checked algorithms indicate the performance efficiency of the compared scheme in terms of different metrics published in the literature.
Keywords: LEACH protocol; cluster formation; WSN; energy consumption, efficiency.

Certain waves that are found to lies between the range of 30- 300 GHz are called as Millimeter waves. In the past mobile devices uses frequency band below 6 GHz for communication purposes. Radio waves that helps in the communication for smart phones has a length of tens of centimeters whereas the millimeter waves measure a length from 1 to 10 mm. Hence are called millimeter waves. Various techniques have been implemented to generate millimeter waves. A novel method of generation of millimeter waves is 32 tupling method wherein the modulation index is properly adjusted. The peak power in the 16th harmonics on either side can be improved by considering the dc bias of the Mach-Zehnder Modulator (MZM) and the phase difference between the RF signals. Here, 60GHz millimeter carrier wave is generated using a very low RF source.
Keywords:  Millimeter wave, Mach-Zehnder Modulator, Fiber Bragg grating, Radio Frequency(RF), Radio Waves.

In Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs), the prevailing Sybil attack detection method needs enormous storage overhead and time intricacy. Therefore, in this article, Energy Efficient Light weight Privacy Preserving Sybil Attack Detection Method is suggested. At first some group of nodes are chosen as observing nodes depending on the neighbour density (ND) of the nodes. In the first step, an offline trusted third party (TTP) produces adequate amount of pseudonyms for every node and calculates a hash value for them. When the position demand message from a node is obtained, the observing nodes verify the pseudonyms and calculate the hash value. If however two pseudonyms of the similar hash value occur, a Sybil attack is perceived. Experimental results have shown that EELPPSAD technique increases the detection accuracy and minimizes the detection delay.
Keywords: Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET), Sybil attack, Privacy preservation, monitoring nodes, Trusted Third Party (TTP), Hash value.

For the transportation of heavy machinery and massive materials, Gantry Crane System (GCS) is used, which is manufactured by advanced manufacturing technology. Technical impact of trolley movement interconnection and oscillation of payload taken into account in GCS manufacturing. Undesirable oscillation in the payload is induced by the movement of a trolley to the required position with high speed. Load damage, efficiency drop, and accidents induced by the load swing. To handle the non-linearity and to attain better performance in the controller application, the rugged controller should be designed. Nowadays, a Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is used to design the rugged controller which should be tested under the real environment to deal with its high dimensional and complexity problem in practice. To discover an optimal solution for GCS, the proposed system integrates the optimization technique of Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC), which uses Enhanced Binary Bat Optimization algorithm (BBOA) to adjust its parameter with Priority Fitness Scheme (PFS). Based on the requirement, Overshoot (OS), Setting Time (TS), and Steady State Error (SSE) are precedence’s by PFS. For oscillation and positioning control FLC and Lagrange equation used to derive a model of a system. To test the proposed The proposed system with PFS and FLC attained a desire smooth and swing movement at a limited time by optimal load transfer.
Keywords: Gantry Crane System, Priority Fitness Scheme (PFS), Fuzzy logic controller (FLC), Enhanced Binary Bat optimization (BBOA) algorithm, Lagrange equation.

Patient Healthcare Record Maintenance and tracking is a tedious task nowadays. Most of the records are maintained as paper and lost after a period of time. Getting treatment without proper medical history is a great problem in providing proper medicines. Nowadays some hospitals are maintaining some of the records, and those are used within their organization alone. A patient moving to some other hospitals won’t get proper medical records. A centralized record maintenance and monitoring can be used to overcome this problem. A web application or an android application can be used to serve this purpose. Through a high data privacy application, these records can be viewed by a patient and a doctor from anywhere and at any time. It will be very useful for the people who are migrated from the village to the cities to get proper treatment from the hospitals. It is used to view the pharmacy details, laboratory details, insurance policy details of a patient, availability of drugs in the pharmacy, specialist available in the hospitals, and also the availability of hospitals for a particular disease. The maintenance of the health records of an individual patient will be done very effectively with the help of this application. Considering the service providing part, lot of people are now moving towards new server and hardware to host their applications. But most of the systems which are even in reusable state are kept idle or thrown away considering useless.The service provisioning is done with help of these systems working together as a cloud with power efficiency and hardware reusability as main concern, providing a greener environment. Keywords: Health Record, Power Efficient Cloud, Hardware Reusability, Centralized data management.

The synthesis of metallic Nanoparticles (NPs) has gathered utmost interest over the past decades thank to their distinctive properties that build them applicable in several fields further as including science and technology. This main methods utilized in their synthesis are non-environmental friendly. This review paper describes the green methods within the synthesis of biogenic NPs further as their mechanisms involving various plant extracts which are non toxic, environment friendly and value effective. The natural plant extracts contains metabolites like flavonoids, terpenoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, etc which acts as both reduction and stabilization agents for synthesizing biogenic NPs with desired shape and size. During this review paper the employment of assorted plant extracts additionally the employment of bacteria, fungi, proteins within the biogenic synthesis of NPs has been delineated shortly. Ultimately the importance and applications of biogenic NPs has also been expressed.
Keywords: nanoparticles, synthesis, green methods, extraction, environment

In the developing countries exploration, transfer and storage of petroleum have an escalating concern on the risks of environmental pollution. An alternative to physiochemical treatments with a proficient, cost-effective and adaptable method is Bioremediation of the petroleum contaminated environment. The enzymes synthesized by microorganisms are the essential components which can mediate vital steps in petroleum which possess catabolic gene pool. Direct toxic effect reduces the plant growth through reduced germination, inadequate aeration of the pore space between the soil particles leads to substandard soil condition and reduced strength for civil construction is the environmental impacts of petroleum when it is spilled. In the early 1900s the hunt for proficient in degradation of hydrocarbons microbial communities had begun and in the modern years cheering results are being produced. Bacterial genera have demonstrated tremendous capacity to use the hydrocarbon substrates. The bacterial species in unpolluted petroleum environments are widespread. Crude oil as the lone carbon source for the growth of screened for the growth of bacteria are currently studied. Independent isolation techniques and culture-independent molecular techniques have been utilized for characterizing bacterial species using 16S rRNA gene sequences. Different culture parameters have been tested on crude oil biodegradation. This study indicates that the isolated microbial strain can be used to effectively degrade polluted soil from petroleum.
Keywords: Bio-degradation, bacteria, Pseudomonas guguanensis, eco-friendly, environmental pollution

This study has been carried out to investigate the importance of phosphor in various optoelectronics device. The important absorption, emission characteristic required for specific optical devices has been discussed. The characterisation tools are important to explore the characteristic properties of any synthesised materials. The structural property can be found out with the help of XRD, while photoluminescence spectroscopy should be employed to probe the emission characteristic of phosphor. The wide literature survey has been carried out to find the role of different phosphor and suitable dopant ions for solar cell and light emitting diode applications. The phosphor materials itself have good optical properties in visible region. The presence of rare earth ions as dopant enhance the applicability by sharp and intense emission as well as characteristic f-f transition in visible region. The synthesis method also play an important role for tuning the optical properties by defect concentration. It was observed that most of the phosphor can be easy synthesised by solid state reaction method with better crystalline quality and optical property. This study will be helpful to novice researchers to explore the research area of phosphor material.
Keywords:  Phosphors, Synthesis method, Solar cell, LED, Rare earth

Alzheimer's is a cureless disease, which continuously deteriorates neurons of the human brain, impairs memory as well as thinking power. The Alzheimer Disease (AD) damages the working competence of the nervous system of humans progressively. Identifying presence of AD at their earlier stage may help to improve the quality of life for AD victims. Handling uncertainty in the AD dataset is the toughest challenge while using conventional mining approaches, thus this paper focuses on developing a neutrosophic expert system, which defines each AD patient‟s information in the triplet form such as truth, false and indeterminacy. The inferred information is analyzed and neutrosophic rules are generated for classifying the risk of Alzheimer's. To achieve optimized accuracy, this work utilizes the knowledge of the Quantum Dragonfly algorithm to scrutinize the neutrosophic rules which select only the fittest rules in the prediction process. The experimental results are done on two different Alzheimer datasets OASIS and ADNI show the prominence of Neutrosophication in the field of Alzheimer disease diagnosis at earlier stages.
Keywords: Alzheimer disease, Machine learning, Neutrosophication, Quantum Dragonfly, Mining approaches.

The submerged observation is as of now a moving examination field in the scholarly world and industry with numerous applications, for example, sea checking, and seismic observing and seabed investigation. Submerged objective following is a basic part of sea reconnaissance. However it is difficult to estimate the target path in underwater when compared to air. The goal of this paper is to evolve underwater target tracking system using bearing and elevation measurements. By observing the noisy bearing and elevation measurements from the target using passive sonar, the motion parameters of target like range, bearing, course, elevation, pitch and speed are estimated using Cubature Kalman filter (CKF). As CKF is non-linear optimal state estimator, it helps to reduce noise in the measurements and estimate the target path accurately. It is proposed to analyze the performance of the filter using Monte-Carlo simulation results from Matlab.
Keywords: Cubature kalman filter (CKF), optimal estimator, Monte-Carlo, reconnaissance, non-linear optimal state estimator, underwater environment.

Energy-oriented challenges turns out to be an unavoidable topic, besides playing a vital role in industry amenities, business sectors, as well as homes and hence energy efficiency enhancement need to be concentrated. Though energy efficiency directly reduces and saves the money of the consumer, it also indirectly helps to tackle the business competency, improve the grid reliability and flexibility, economic development, and safeguard the public health and ecosystem. These valuable advantages can be obtained through the energy-efficiency methodologies, especially the Combined heat and power (CHP) models, as their contributions to the facilities, communities, and utilizes of end-user are enormous. The proposed strategy tend to augment the long-lasting functions, and equipment capabilities of Distributed Energy System (DES), for which designed a framework, namely Enhanced Harmony Search Algorithm with Mixed Integer Linear Programming (EHSA+MILP). In addition, each input’s data features from the provided data have archived using the Harmony Memory (HM) that has considered to be most important as it ensures to presume the great harmonies as the modules of newly selected vectors. There are two strategies involved by this projected framework, such as the HAS and the MILP algorithms. The empirical findings depict that the proposed methodology has the adequate proficiency to resolve the non-convex as well as the non-smooth problems with respect to and irrespective to the transmission loss, besides with similar and dissimilar initialization of the problem within the same CHP units.
Keywords:  Distributed Energy System, Combined Heat and Power, Long-Term Optimal Operation, Harmony Search Optimization Algorithm, Mixed Integer Linear Programming

The objective of this investigation is to assess the sustainable effect of steel fiber reinforced concrete columns (SFRC), polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete (PPFRC) columns and reinforced cement concrete (RC) column, subjected to temperatures 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 oC by Non-Destructive Tests. In order to attain this, RC, SFRC and PPFRC columns are cast and cured for 28 days. These columns are then heated in an electrically operated Bogie Hearth Furnace up to a temperature of 700 oC for two durations of 1 and 2 h. In this investigation, Rebound hammer and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) tests have been conducted to investigate the effect of high temperature on the behaviour of columns. Based on the results, it is concluded compressive strength obtained through Rebound hammer test of SFRC columns are better than RC columns up to 500 oC. Results of UPV tests show a drop in pulse velocity value for columns heated beyond 400 oC. Addition of polypropylene fibres did not show any effect on the compressive strength.
Keywords: compressive strength, high temperature, non-destructive testing, polypropylene fibers, reinforced concrete and steel fibers.

In this paper, a new Multiplier and Accumulation Unit are designed for high speed applications with reduced area. In the place of multiplier a Vedic multiplier is proposed to reduce area while reducing the partial products. Hybrid adders are used in the accumulation unit to reduce the delay. The proposed MAC is designed by utilizing Verilog HDL. The proposed MAC is synthesized and simulated using Xilinx ISE 14.7. The simulation results of the proposed MAC architecture increases the speed and reduces area compared to the previous MAC architectures.
Keywords: Multiplier and Accumulator (MAC), VEDIC Multiplier, Hybrid Adders, High speed, Power Consumption.

A process used to minimize negative aspect of both ecological and economic costs is called sustainable manufacturing system design. Increase in population and industrialization level leads to increased energy consumption. So, resource and energy efficiency plays a vital role. For every manufacturing process, there is a need to quantify accurately the consumed energy amount for enhancing resource and energy efficiency. In addition to energy efficiency enhancement in consumer and building technology, it has to be done in manufacturing also for facilitating replacing process of available energy source by sustainable alternatives and for minimizing the impact of environment. In current manufacturing sectors, for sustainable production, energy-efficient machining is an effective technique. For achieving targeted sustainability index, and to optimize these indexes, there are various aspects/issues that should be incorporated. By considering environmental, social and economic aspects, for enhancing machining efficiency and energy efficiency, proposed a multi-objective optimization model. At first, for achieving energy-efficient machining, standard for the Exchange of Product model data-Numerical Control (STEP-NC) is selected in this research. By considering cost and time criteria, to optimize sustainability index, sustainability models are proposed in this work. There are two mathematical formulations in this model. They are, minimum sustainable cost and minimum sustainable time. Triple bottom line (TBL) aspects called environmental, social and economic are considered in this sustainability optimization model. In STEP-NC, using working step, energy computation technique based optimization model is proposed. Presented an enhanced cuckoo search algorithm with evaluation, local multiple iteration idea generation, machining scheme algorithm, initialization, decoding and encoding, At last, low energy demand is provided by this proposed technique by enhancing machining efficiency and priorities are set by considering a cost-saving technique.
Keywords: Improved cuckoo search algorithm (ICSA), Energy-efficient machining, multi-objective optimization, STEP-NC, Sustainable manufacturing system.

Micro Grids (MG) are an idealistic advancement that can expand the dependability and economic part of energy without contravention to end customers. Renewable Energy Source (RES) base power production is the main opportunities intended for the executives in the direction and determine the enormous issues in addition to the radiations. This estimation, on very basic level thought on Photo-Voltaic (PV) and Battery based cross variety power age. The Energy Management System (EMS) assumes a significant part to satisfy the heap request additionally and it gives stable activity. Energy Storage device is progressively significant portion of the renewable energy zone because of the necessity to store the power during peak hours for which can be used in off-peak periods. The power electronic converters inject harmonics into the system, which leads to various power quality issues. So, in this research work a new hybrid method were introduced, for enhancing power quality in grid-connected PV systems, which is a combination of both the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm with FLC (Fuzzy Logic Controller). To track the maximum power of the PV system GWO be used. It offers high accuracy and good robustness. FLC provides accurate fast response for managing load balance by tune the battery sources. Subsequently, the combine of these controllers together improve the MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) and PV in order. The anticipated methods diminish the THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) up to 4.09%, and the productivity seen by the estimation over the current techniques. The proposed method is executed using MATLAB/SIMULINK software to examine the performance of power quality issues.
Keywords: Battery, Energy Management System (EMS), Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC), Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT),Total Harmonic Distortion (THD).

Nowadays, it has been observed that power plant effluents significantly affect the aquatic ecosystem wherein living organism like microorganisms, fish, insects, invertebrates and plants interact with the surrounding. Every power plant use water source for their requirement such as cooling purpose, producing steam, discharging effluents etc. So, this is the high time to closely monitor the water bodies present in the water source. In this study, we have analyzed the impact of natural gas power plant on Gomati River through monitoring physical, chemical parameters and bacteriological characteristics of upstream, downstream and Jamjuri switch gate nala water samples. In this study, the quality of water of study area is determined using the various physical, chemical and biological parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, biochemical oxygen demand, total hardness, total dissolved solids, total suspended solid, chloride, sulphate. The weighted arithmetic index method was introduced to analyze the Water Quality Index (WQI) of upstream, downstream and Jamjuri Switch Gate Nala samples. From the three samples, it has been observed that the Gomati River’s water is in safe limit for industrial, domestic and irrigation use, recreational activities etc. Analysis disclosed that quality of water has improved drastically from upstream to downstream side of the river, though it is not considered very good for drinking purpose in respect to WQI value but still power plant has contributed positively to enhance the quality of water of Gomati River. It was observed that all the parameters are in safe limit for sustaining the aquatic ecosystem.
Keywords:  Surface Water Quality, WQI, Gomati River, Power Plant, Physical & Chemical Parameters

An energy-efficient technology is Combined Cooling, Heating and Power (CCHP) system. Pollutant emissions are reduced using this CCHP system. The optimization algorithm is applied for computing best operational parameters and to enhance CCHP system performance. Over micro-turbine CCHP system, proposed an Improved Artificial Bee Colony Optimization Algorithm (IABCOA) algorithm in this work for computing optimal optimization variables in cooling condition. With continuously-structured solution space, optimization problems are solved using proposed population-based iterative optimization algorithms like ABC for short, artificial bee colony. Although ABC has powerful global search ability, which leads to poor intensification on computed solutions and sloe convergence issues. From search expressions implemented for onlooker and employed bees, where, at every trial, only one decision variable is updated, these issues are originated. An improvised ABC parameters called as IABCOA is used in this work for addressing these basic ABC algorithm’s drawbacks. Employed IABCOA is used by employed bees and on looker bees uses remaining parameters. Moreover, at every attempt, food source’s decision variables or three dimensions are modified by every onlooker agent. For optimization problems, possible solutions are represented by it.
Keywords:  Improved Artificial Bee Colony Optimization Algorithm (IABCOA) algorithm, CCHP system, Pollutant emissions, (IRBSO) algorithm, Absorption chiller method.

The present study is to investigate the basic fresh and hardened concrete properties of flyash based geopolymer concrete admixed with polypropylene fiber and compare to the coventioal geopolymer concrete (without fiber). The fly ash based geopolymer is tested in two phases, one in fresh concrete phase where flow properties are determined after which hardened concrete is tested for its compressive strength. Also, the objective effectively extends to study the strength gain pattern in ambient curing condition. The strength is measured between 3 days to 28 days. The observed results are then converted into a data set, and an Artificial Neural Network Model is created out of the collected results using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. The model is trained, validated and tested. Then the predicted value is compared with the actual value. This study proves that polypropylene fiber has enhancing effect on strength properties. Also, ANN model can be effectively created and used with the available data set.
Keywords: Geopolymer, Polypropylene fiber, ANN, Prediction, Ambient curing, Fiber reinforced geopolymer, Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm.

The Travel Time Reliability for a road transportation network is significantly important, as a good part of business and individual displacement is by road arteries and the chances of facing delays on the network is undesired from each point of view. This helps the travelers to get the road traffic conditions in advance and avoid the unnecessary delays by making a smart decision by altering their route choice. Hence, reliability analysis is becoming a major concern for daily travelers, as congestion touched the peak in recent years in every area. Passengers face daily vehicular clogging and plan accordingly, but the fluctuating travel pattern and varying road conditions leads to disappointments. Travel time dependability is expected to evaluate level of those unanticipated deferments including traffic delays. Thus travel time for urban can be well understood as a variable due to various road conditions and demand , varying capacity and signal control for the intersecting traffic and external factors including the weather . It not only depends in the flow and type of traffic and behavior of driver, speed limit but is also affected by various factors viz, signal type and time, spacing of signals, number of intersections, road geometrics, land use patters. In this way it is practically difficult to foresee the travel time-impacting, practices and behavior of every single individual driver in a transit system, and every single outside situation that may influence unwavering quality.Earlier conducted studies on reliability of travel time focused on highways dealt with recurrent conditions and the studies have been carried out using various parameter recording devices andapplications but actualinvehicle travel time capturing has not been taken into account and this research paper will deal with the quality assessment of public transit (CTU) inter-city and intra-city routes in terms of timely service and thus reliability of the system can be determined using different parameters. The planning Time Index is found around 3 times the free flow travel time. The main cause of this delay in travelling time is the intersecting traffic at nodes and vehicular congestion which can be further rectified by segregating traffic and reducing the use of private vehicles and encouraging the use of public transit by optimizing the time table to meet the varying intercity demands.
Keywords: Buffer Index, Planning Time Index, Public Transit, Reliability Analysis, Traffic Congestion, Transit Variations, Travel Time, Vehicular Delay, Green And Sustainable Transport Development.

This paper presents a technique for an effective reconstruction of a signal from a Level-crossing (LC) and random sampled (RS) signal.An LC and RS based analog-to-digital (A/D) converters are sampled certain classes timely varying signals. These LC based A/D converters are efficient especially for practical applications sch as speechprocessing systems, astronomy, medical imaging, video processing, geo physics and communication systems. In this paper, an iterative scheme is used to reduce the reconstruction errors and to improve the quality of reconstructed signal. A wide verity of signals are considered for simulation to analyze the performance and complexity of the proposed approach.
Keywords: LC scheme, Sigma-Delta ADC, Non-uniform sampling, Iterative algorithm, Converters.

The reinforced concrete beams contained PET waste particles analysis and testing is described in this paper. In current world, waste material reduction is a major role of engineers. Concrete beams are manufactured using a recycled materials in recent days. Current used formula’s for predicting reinforced concrete beams shear and flexural behaviour are not appropriate for recycled materials as indicated in previous studies. For deleted data retrieval, an effective recovery technique is proposed at first in this work using a Multi Objective Cuckoo Search Algorithm (MOCSA) and for suggesting recycled material reinforced concrete beams shear and flexural performance. For this purpose, utilized the outcomes of previous experiments and for anticipating recycled material concrete beam’s shear and flexural behavior’s, new expressions are established. Consequently, comparison is made between experimental computations. For experimental data, high accuracy is produced by proposed formulas as shown in this study.
Keywords: Multi Objective Cuckoo Search Algorithm, waste materials, reinforced concrete beams, par, shear strength, Flexural resistance.

All industrial units generally rely on electric motors for their production. The future world must be fully automated for every process that does not need the assistance of physical human presence. Every second of time is significant to accomplish the desired automation task. For this, an electrical drive system should provide precise performance parameters and speedy recovery from any disturbance. An electrical motor with an intelligent speed control technique is needed to improve the speed and performance of the motor. Electric powered vehicles are genuinely becoming a passion for their profitability and conservational freedom. In this paper, an emotional learning technique for variable speed drives is discussed. The proposed IBELBIC is investigated and it is superior to keep away from internal instability. This model is driven by the use of human brain system. BLDC motor is controlled by emotional sensible controller which has smooth control and greater learning feature. Here, BLDC motor speed control and accordingly the performance of the total system is analyzed using MATLAB.
Keywords: BLDC motor, Variable speed drive, Intelligent controller,Emotional learning, Speed control, MATLAB.

The global damage caused by the coronavirus pandemic of 2019–20 has multiple environmental and temperature impacts. The extreme reduction in the scheduled travel has resulted in a decrease in pollution levels in several areas. Lockdowns and other steps culminated in greenhouse gas emissions reduction of 25 per cent. Increases in the volume of greenhouse gasses created after the advent of the industrialization period have prompted average global temperatures to increase on Earth by 2020, creating consequences like ice melting and increasing sea levels. Human action has been triggering environmental destruction in different ways. Air pollution can have short and long-term health consequences, and many are worried about air pollution. Globally 24,000 people are estimated to die prematurely each year as a result of air pollution. This paper provides an overview of different causes of air pollution and hazardous effects on human health, environment and climate.Pre and post impacts of coronavirus pandemic on the environment is also discussed.
Keywords: global; temperature; lockdown; greenhouse gases; degradation

Built-in self-test (BIST)facilities to test the memory in the design phase itself. In the Memory Built-in self-test (MBIST), Random test patterns are injected into the memory and tested for its proper operation. Thus, for identifying the working condition of the memory, the test pattern plays a crucial role. For generation random test patterns linear feedback shift registers (LFSR) are preferred. Here we propose two test pattern schemes, which can produce high-speed operation in terms of frequency and optimum speed metrics when comparing with our conventional LFSRs such as Fibonacci, Galois types LFSRs.
Keywords: 

A delay-tolerant network’s special applications in deep sea, efficient collection of data face various challenges due to the requirement of proper data reporting on time and acoustic transmission delay in the ocean. A significant amount of signal will be attenuated in underwater communications. So, in the deep-sea area, autonomous underwater sensors are deployed, which uses the surface for transmitting collected data and events to surface stations. However, at every resurfacing, additional delay is included. A high data loss is produced in UWSN as it operates in deep-sea and packets need to be retransmitted because of these missing values in data transmission. An underwater monitoring framework based on recurrent neural network (RNN) is introduced in recent days for avoiding these issues and this framework considers data quality, energy, delay. However, data sequence can be learned using models based on Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), but due to the vanishing gradient problem, RNN will not be able to learn long data sequence. So, for predicting missing value, Multi-view learning Recurrent Neural Network (ML-RNN) with feature fusion technique is introduced in this work and it overcomes these issues. Mutation improved BAT optimization is used for tuning RNN parameters. With respect to the accuracy, throughput, end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, the proposed model’s effectiveness is shown in experimental results.
Keywords: Prediction, Missing values, Multi-view learning, Recurrent neural network, Fusion technique

Advent of electron tomography and high performance computation has yielded much interest in field of image reconstruction of interior of objects through non pervasive measures. Traditional analytical algorithm requires large number of projection angles resulting in high dosage of electrons to patient or high computation time in case of iterative algorithms. We have presented a novel reconstruction technique by leveraging the high efficiency segmentation on top of filter back projection. The Presented algorithm is more robust and automated than traditional analytical and iterative reconstruction technique by applying segmentation refinement. In the proposed study, we have demonstrated that our algorithm perform under high accuracy with low number of projections and less computation for cylinder, brain, lungs and pancreas.
Keywords: Discrete tomography, Hybrid Segmentation, Electron tomography, TVR-DART, MDART, Filtered back projection

The term IoT (Internet of Things) is a defined as a technology to collect the data, connect it and analyze the data to provide real time insights, performance as well as historical data analysis. The application is IoT is emerging across multiple domains with no exception to safety of automobiles. With approximately 1.35 million people dying per year and 20-50 million incurring non-fatal injuries globally due to road accidents, it is important and imperative to have a central as well as local system to avoid, pre-detect and post detect accidents. While the most efficient approach would be avoided injuries and deaths by alerting the driver prior to mishapevents, technology needs to be leveraged to at least provide therapeutic response to reduce damage. In this work, the author provides a comprehensive brief on frameworks based on IoT technology that has been described in various works including the Internet of Vehicles. The various perspectives of avoidance, pre-detect and post detect with respect to sensors used viz., accelerometer, sound, LIDARetc, frameworks employed like the ITS (Intelligent Transport System) which employs V2X (Vehicle to Everything), IOV (Internet of Vehicles) communication mechanisms of GPRS, DSRC, VANET etc., and different analytics using performed using AI/ML techniques for automobile safety presented in different works are described.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence,Intelligence Transport System, Machine Learning, Internet of Vehicles, Sensors, Vehicle to Everything.

Cloud computing is generally a service based technology which offers technology services such as (IaaS, PaaS and SaaS) through internet. Since its inception, the cloud computing has rapidly spread and are used in may web applications. The main advantage of these lies in the fact that the resources and services are accessible to thin clients. Although seems advantageous, there are many vulnerability possible in terms of cyber threats and different attacks. Various levels of protection based solutions are offered for the cloud security and access control is one among them. This paper presents a novel access control model for enhancing the security of cloud. The proposed model uses the trust model for authorizing the users to access different resources. The KNN model is recently proposed for the prediction of trust but the sensitivity in the present method for classifying the choices are not stable especially when the imbalanced situation in data arises. It is also noticed that the exponential distance if chosen as the scheme for weighting offers better classification performance and also lowers the variance. In this paper, a weights K means nearest neighbor is proposed for the prediction of trust values of the user. The results have demonstrated that the proposed method is more efficient with respect to throughput and cost , delay.
Keywords: Access control-nearest neighbor, Cloud environment and trust value, KNN model, Cloud computing,

In this paper, the Received Signal Strength (RSS) based localization is done for a Line of Sight (Line of Sight) environment but the target localization error is more in this approach. Recently Hybrid localizations are very popular to minimize the localization error. In this context, Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)-Angle of Arrival (AOA) is used for target localization. The RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) for this algorithm is slightly better than single Range based technique. The uncertainties in the RSSI signal in Indoor environment is more, So , Proposed a new novel robust algorithm i.e Fuzzy based hybrid RSSI-AOA algorithm for this test environment to attain high localization accuracy. Therefor a comprehensive experimental method for this Robust 3D localization is implemented for minimum RMSE. The RMSE for the Fuzzy based RSSI-AOA localization is 0.75 m whereas conventional algorithms are having very high RMSE. The RMSE for 3 anchor nodes gives the 0.96 m localization accuracy. In severe LOS conditions, the different target positions are considered for analysing the localization accuracy. The RMSE is better in case of 3 anchor nodes with Fuzzy based RSSI-AOA localization scheme. In this paper, the localization accuracy is validated by CRLB estimator.
Keywords: Fuzzy Logic, Indoor 3D localization, Localization accuracy, Path loss model, CRLB

Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) in resent past In the past, Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) has developed itself with its wide range of tensile strengths ranging from 1600MPa to 850MPa and elongation ranging from 1 to 10 percent as a flexible material from engineering applications. It has established itself as a versatile material from engineering applications with its wide range of tensile strengths ranging from 1600MPa to 850MPa and elongation ranging from 1 – 10%. As it belongs to a family of ductile cast iron which is not known for such high strengths and elongation combinations hence emerges as a sustainable engineering solution as a material for strategic applications. The current study demonstrates that ADI made from commercial grade ductile iron with a Mn content of up to 0.22 percent can be used as wear resistance Substance. Wear tests were conducted at loads of loads on Pin on disk Wear Friction Control system 20N and 60N For a fixed time interval. Two for better comparison, grades of ADI are produced, one in the range of lower and other in the range of higher bainite by austempering at temperatures of 320 °C and 420°C respectively. Before austempering treatment, the samples were austenitized at 900°C for 60 minutes. In this paper attempt has been made to correlate the wear propertiesof ADI with wear load and austempering temperature. Final part of the research work aims at studying the effect of austempering time on the wear characteristics of ADI.
Keywords: Austempered Ductile Iron, Untransformed Austenite Volume, Relative Wear Resistance, wear, hardness

An essential aspect in the design of low power and high efficient applications is the reduction of losses and leakage power. In this modern era, the power distribution system has grown a lot in size and complexity. Reduction in leakage power aids the utility by increasing the efficiency of the system. For a low power designs, single stage converters have been preferred. This study introduces a novel technique to reduce the losses by three–level single stage ZVS voltage doubler quadruple secondary converter (ZVS-VDQS) circuit. The circuit has been designed to improve the power factor, efficiency and also to reduce the switching losses. Reduction of losses has been achieved by reducing the secondary winding losses using voltage doubler quadruple secondary converter circuit. The simulation has been carried out on MATLAB/Simulink environment. The outcomes imply that the efficiency has been enhanced up to 94.4%.
Keywords: PFC, ZVS. Voltage doubler, quadruple secondary converter, high efficiency, HPF, losses reduction.