To examine the strength parameters of the concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) as a column or a beam has been a great interest to civil engineers and researchers since it has speed in construction, high strength, lighter weight, inherent mass, bending stiffness, fire resistance, high ductility, and economy of the concrete. Innovative development of composite structure from CFST is called as concrete-filled double skinned steel tubes (CFDST). The benefits of CFDST when compared to CFST, are high performance in section modulus, improvement in stability, lightweight, high damping properties, and better cyclic performance. The present study is to understand the behavior of six circular Concrete Filled Double Skinned Steel Tubular (CFDST) columns with infilled Geopolymer concrete by doing experimental and ANSYS modeling. The GGBS based Geopolymer concrete mix used in this study makes it more sustainable. The CFDST specimens are tested under axial load. Analysis of the CFDST specimens investigates the behavior of strength, deformation, failure mode, and ductility by varying the length and diameter of the columns. Finally, the deformation of the CFDST column, Geopolymer column, and Hollow steel column without concrete for similar diameter and length are compared while applying the constant axial load using ANSYS.
Keywords:  Concrete filled steel tube (CFST), Concrete filled Double Skinned Steel tube (CFDST), Geopolymer Concrete, Ansys Workbench, load deflection, Failure mode.

Road Safety and Security are essential to increase the safety among motorcyclists. The number of vehicles and road accidents are increasing rapidly. It is necessary to ensure safe driving at any time on the road. This proposed work is to introduce security systems for the motorcyclist. It is based on embedded system with wireless monitoring of accident information through the internet. The accident detection device installed in a vehicle will transmit information to the pre-installed numbers of the driver’s family members, police station,ambulance and nearest hospital. Whenever an accident happens due to presence of alcohol content or drunken driving, the shock sensor attached with bike helmet transmits the signal to an embedded system. The shock sensor detects the excessive shock and stress produced due to the vehicle accident. The information about vehicle rider and vehicle number is encrypted with the embedded system at the transmitter. The encrypted information is transmitted through the internet. At the receiver, decryption algorithm is performed with the embedded system. The decrypted information is monitored through the internet. The location of the vehicle accident is tracked through the GPS and the accident information of motorcycle rider is sent to the mobile through GSM. This proposed system allows secure monitoring of road accident information anywhere through the internet.
Keywords: Vehicle Accident, Cascaded Bike Helmet Control System, Embedded System, Road Safety, Security.

Nowadays the entire world focuses on produce electricity form the Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) cells. The SPV is the mostly preferred Renewable Energy Sources (RES) as related to the various RES. The SPV is generating the DC power, by using power converters to satisfy the load requirement. For tracking the maximum power from the SPV cells need some tracking controllers, at present so many Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controllers are there, out of that Perturb and Observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (IC) are the best-recommended tracking techniques in the industries. The P&O and IC techniques are working on constant temperature and changing irradiant or vice versa. But the modified MPPT works on changing temperature and changing irradiance with producing minimum ripples and less Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) at the converter output. In this presented an inverter performance with existing MPPT techniques and modified MPPT technique the whole system performance is performed in MATLAB/Simulink software.
Keywords: P&O, IC, MPPT, SPV, RES.

Robotic applications demand an intelligent selection of the optimal path by exploring and learning the environment. Concurrently, the robots should be capable of reaching the goal points at a given discrete-time by eliminating the obstacles. The work presented here performed a provable cooperative autonomous robot without facilitating the prior knowledge about the terrain environment. The main contribution of the work was to explore and resolve the issue of terrain exploration and exposure by deploying cuckoo-type robots in an efficient manner. The work composes of the three algorithms, namely: Q-learning, Cellular Automata (CA) and Cuckoo Search Optimization (CSO). The objective of this system becomes complex when the automation was performed over the optimal sets of actions. A variety of interacting components were used which require the parallel process of reinforcement learning. Finally, the output of the system was to provide collision free navigation in an unknown environment.
Keywords:  Autonomous Navigation, CA, CSO, Q-Learning, Optimization.

Wind power diffusion analysis of a state is very important for forming the wind policy of state government. In the present paper Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based optimized Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is used for wind power diffusion of Rajasthan state of India. Seven policy parameters are selected and effect of these policy parameters on wind power installation in Rajasthan state of India is analysed using PSO based ANN. In the ANN POS algorithm, the weight factors are determined in such a way that the sum of square of error between input and target is minimized. Using this technique the ANN is trained and this trained network is used for forecasting the future diffusion of wind power. It is found that tariff rate mainly influenced the diffusion of wind power in Rajasthan. So by enhancing this policy parameter, Rajasthan can achieve its ultimate wind power installation much earlier.
Keywords: Particle Swarm Optimization, Artificial Neural Network, Technology Diffusion, wind power, policy parameter.

In India, agriculture is the basis of employment for a huge number of people and has a bigger influence on the economy of country. Farmers are the financial resources for most of the country’s development. But farmers are facing lot of challenges in agricultural land. The main intention of this research work is to focus on one of the main challenges in irrigation. The monitoring of water level in agriculture land is a risky factor it directly affects the growth of plant thereby the production is disturbed. To keep track of temperature, humidity and soil’s moisture content the sensors are used to obtain the data and the model is trained to automatically switch the pump on/off. When soil moisture gets low or dry, the pump starts watering the crops up to the requirement of the crop. The main idea of the proposed work is to reduce water usage and power consumption which in turn will lead to effective use of other resources resulting maximum yield to the farmers.
Keywords: soil moisture, temperature, humidity, smart irrigation, Energy and Water Management.

Specific Cutting energy consumption is one of the vital quality indices during machining which can be accomplished by three different toolpath pattern such as Raster, Trochoidal and Hybrid toolpath strategies. The input factors selected are cutting speed, tool path and feed rate and the output responses measured are specific cutting energy, surface roughness and resultant cutting force. The Taguchi (L9) orthogonal array was designed and the experiments were carried out using 3-Axis vertical milling machine. Grey relational analysis was adopted to find out the optimum milling factors which were obtained as: Speed of cutting of 80 meters per minute, Rate of Feed of 0.05 millimeters/tooth for the trochoidal toolpath. The surface roughness was minimized from 0.8791 to 0.614 followed by cutting force which was minimized from 491.43 to 443.21 and specific cutting energy decreased from 9.2637 to 7.3214. Overall confirmation experiments certainly showed that multiple objective optimization substantially prompted.
Keywords: Slot milling, Tool path, Specific cutting energy, Cutting force, Grey relational analysis and Surface roughness

The prime objective of this paper is to divulge the effect of thermal spray coating of different grade of powder material on the surface and mechanical properties of EF6 cast iron. The comparison of mechanical properties likes hardness, and wear resistance of EF6 cast iron, before and after coating for Hoganas 1021-10, 1031-10 and diffusion 225 is accomplished. Initially, the surface is made smooth with the help of grinding machine. The hardness and wear resistance of EF6 cast iron is observed before the coating. The flame spray coating of different grade of powder form of Hoganas 1021-10, 1031-10 and Diffusion 225 has been made on the surface of EF6 Cast Iron. There is a significant improve in the mechanical properties of EF6 cast iron after using the thermal spray coating of Hoganas 1021-10, 1031-10 and Diffusion 225. The average hardness of the material was found to be 218.2 HV. The EF6 cast iron coated with Hoganas powder 1021-10 grade revealed the maximum hardness. Hoganas 1021-10 has outperformed other two coatings by taking into the consideration of (i) weight loss of coated specimen (ii) pin wear ratio. Significant improvement in hardness and wear resistance of cast iron is observed.
Keywords: Thermal barrier coating; EF6 cast iron; Hardness; Wear & friction resistance.

The Sunlight is directly converted into electricity by using PV system. Load to the solar PV panel is connected through converters and converters are mainly used to change the voltages. Converters DC-DC and inverters DC-AC are utilized in this work. Boost converter is mainly implemented in this work to build up the voltage. Discrete powers are developed due to shading effect. Both P&O and CSO are used to handle the shaded conditions which are much easier than other methods. CSO is a search-based technique used in this work and the main merit of this type algorithm is the absence of maximum power oscillations which make the energy loss at steady state to zero. Tracking capability, convergence speed and transient power fluctuations are the main reasons for using CSO in partial shading conditions. This algorithm is taken from the parasite reproduction in cuckoo birds which are used to observe the maximum power and it is a control scheme and cost of expenditure is low. In this paper, 2 cases are taken, with and without shading and the results are compared. MATLAB simulation is performed and the results are observed and presented.
Keywords:  DC-DC Converter, Partial Shading, Partial Power Processing, Cuckoo search optimization (CSO), Perturb & Observe (P&O), Maximum Power Point Tracking(MPPT).

“In Brain cancer, is one of the main causes of cancer mortality for both males and females.The best way for the patient to improve. Early detection of potentially cancerous cells is a chance for survival. Notice also that none of the latest structures have been reached More than 98 per cent precision. In this paper we propose an optimal diagnostic system, not only to detect cancer early nodules and also to enhance the accuracy of Fog computing. The surrounding Fog is used to store the high volume CT scanned images to maximize privacy, low latency and support mobility. This paper evaluates core cuckoo concepts Algorithm.searching and its application to segmentation magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain tumour. The human brain is the most important structure where it is extremely challenging to identify the tumour as illnesses, because it is complex to differentiate the brain. components.Sometimes, the tumour can look as serious as regular tissues. The tumour, blood clot and other brain tissue areas look the same and complicate the work of the radiologist. Radiologist generally identifies the brain tumour through a thorough examination of MR pictures which requires a much longer period of time. The main inventive step is to construct a diagnostic method using the best method of optimization known as cuckoo hunting, which will allow the radiologist to obtain a second opinion on the existence or absence of a tumour “.
Keywords: Cancer, Classification, Optimization, Cuckoo search, Neural Networks.

Public health threats and epidemics are affecting the human life day-to-day. These include obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, osteoporosis and dental diseases. The trouble of chronic diseases may be cured during initial stages if it is properly predicted and it requires a lot of training using the medical data. Existing models can support disease diagnosis to certain extent based on the training. This can predict unique diseases and separate system is required for different diagnosis. A generic disease prediction model can reduce the burden of physician while making clinical decisions and has not been evolved yet. Machine learning and artificial intelligence offer one such a generic model with principled approach for intelligent disease diagnosis. A novel hybrid algorithm and a prediction model are proposed in this paper based on disease symptoms of the patient Collected from hospital and are stored in cloud.The features of KNN and CNN are combined to provide high speed prediction analysis. The enormous amount of data growth in the field of medical diagnosis helps the proposed system to find hidden patterns with respect to individual diseases.
Keywords: Healthcare, KNN, CNN, recommendation system, classifier, machine learning model,Green Cloud.

In Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks (CRAHNs), channel assignment and routing are dependent on each other and need to be handled combinedly. The routing protocols in CRAHN should consider the remaining battery energy, traffic load parameters and data delivery rate. This paper proposes Energy optimized Joint Channel Assignment and Routing using Cat Swarm Optimization (EOJCAR-CSO) algorithm in CRAHN. In the proposed algorithm, relay node based routing is performed using the CSO algorithm. An objective function is derived in terms of interference to PUs, average traffic load, packet reception ratio and residual energy. In channel assignment scheme, channels with good channe condition are assigned for the nodes along the selected route. Results have shown that JCAR-CSO achieves higher PDR and remaining with lesser delay.
Keywords: Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks, Channel assignment, Remaining Battery Energy, Relay nodes, Routing, Cat Swarm Optimization.

Interference in MANET is a consequence of simultaneous broadcasts happening nearby and also relates to impacts. Declining interference outcomes in energy preservation advances the quality of service (QoS) by dipping impacts and re-communications considerably. Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) based media access control (MAC) protocol attains sophisticated network capacity via spatial reprocess of the time periods. This paper proposes an Enhanced TDMA protocol with Interference Aware Slot Scheduling (IASS-ETDMA) for improving the throughput in MANET. In this protocol, modified TDMA frame structure is designed to reduce the control packet transmission, which only consists of data slots. Then an interference aware slot reservation performed with directional antennas. Finally, secondary transmissions are scheduled by using a set of secondary relay transmitters. These relay nodes are selected based on the signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio (SINR) and data rate constraints. The proposed IASS-ETDMA protocol is implemented in NS2 and simulation results show that it achieves higher throughput and reduced delay.
Keywords: Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Interference, Slot Scheduling, Throughput.

Graphene has unique electrical properties used to improve the electrical properties of nanocomposites. Polymathic methacrylate (PMMA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were used as the polymers model. Novel acoustic-solution casting method was succeeded after applied various parameters to mix the PMMA dissolved in Dimethylformamide (DMF) with PVA dissolved in distilled water (DW) and DMF. New (PMMA-DMF)-(PVA-DW-DMF)/ Graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite was successfully fabricated for the first time with different dissolved solutions and the addition of various ratios of GO nanosheets. Fine desperation and homogeneity of matrix and GO distribution in samples were achieved using a range of factors using the new method as presented by the image of the optical microscope (OM). The most functional group of polymers and GO with strong interfacial interaction were illustrated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The A.C. Electrical Conductivity was measured by the electrical properties of samples. The finding of electrical properties of the PMMA-PVA/GO nanocomposites exposed an enhancement in most of the electrical properties, for instance, dielectric constant, A.C conductivity and dielectric loss up to 50%, 96.3 % and 96.7 % with the increase of concentrations ratio of GO by 0.09, 0.18 and 0.27 wt. % respectively. These results helped to discover these new promising nanocomposites for wide electronic devices and applications.
Keywords: graphene oxide, PMMA, PVA, electrical properties, nanocomposites.

The experimental research seeks to determine the incidence generated by heavy metal contamination that affects vegetables such as Radish, Spinach, and Lettuce in the Community of Totora located in the department of Ayacucho in Peru. The methodology used was the elaboration of the plot matrix, in a set of complete random blocks, in a 2Fx3E factorial matrix, watered by the wastewater effluents and the water supply from the supply pipes. The results of heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, and Cr were found in the vegetables that were sprayed with sewage; the concentration of Cd in the Spinach exceeded the maximum permissible limits MPL; in Lettuce, it was slightly below; with Radish, found below. Likewise, with the use of wastewater in Lettuce, Spinach, and Radishes, the absorption of Cr exceeded the limit. In the case of the vegetables under study irrigated with water of normal use, the absorption of Pb exceeded the limits.
Keywords: Heavy metals, vegetables, wastewater, contamination, water supply, MPL.

Hydroxyapatite powder (HAP), Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 was synthesized by calcination (sintering) technique using egg shells as raw material and phosphoric acid, where egg shells was cleaned and calcined in calcination furnace at 900°C for 3 hours to obtain calcium-oxide, after that it crushing and mixing with phosphoric acid, planetary ball was used to mixing and milling the mix for 11 hours with 45 rpm to obtain homogenous powder. The structure analysis by XRD, FTIR, where XRD showed the structure of the result powder, that is similar for the standard structure of HAP powder, as FTIR elucidated that, existence the basic compound of HAP in the result powder, such as (PΟ43−, CΟ32− and bending OH−), as well as the particle size was measure, it is laying between 0.77µm and 24.67µm with a mean size of 5.005µm.
Keywords: Hydroxyapatite, Egg shells, Bioceramics; calcinations; Characterization.

With Microelectronics' rapid development, more emphasis is put on designing Adders that are power-efficient, high frequency, and low complexity. Parallel prefix Adders are the ones that have been used widely in arithmetic units. This paper proposes a special Brent Kung (BK) Adder based pipeline design that operates at high frequency than Adders, the state-of-the-art parallel prefix. Simulation results show that the new BK Adder pipeline solution is 23.9 per cent more effective in terms of speed than the current BK Adder. Vedic Multiplier(VM) is one of the high-speed multiplier architectures which in effect minimizes the processor's delay, area and power. In this paper, Kogge-Stone (KS) adder, BK adder and 16-bit Pipelined BK adder implement the 16-bit Vedic Multiplier. The simulation result shows that VM based on Pipelined 16-bit BK adder is 16.27 per cent more efficient than VM based on KS Adder and 16.57 per cent more efficient than the current VM based on BK Adder in terms of speed. All of the prototypes are implemented using Verilog HDL on Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGA.
Keywords: Parallel prefix Adder Architectures, Kogge Stone Adder, Brent Kung Adder, Pipelined Brent Kung Adder, Vedic Multiplier.

As the electricity demand is increasing exponentially, generating enormous electricity from various power plants such as diesel, thermal, etc., is very much essential. The synchronous generator (SG)-diesel engine-based power plant which use the fossil fuel and coal as a source material is commercially used in power plants. These source materials and the operation of diesel engine are the main cause of emission of greenhouse gases. In order to have the green power generation from SG based power plant, this paper proposes the Bio-Diesel fed Solar Excited Synchronous Generator (BDfSESG). This green plant is formed by replacing the conventional diesel engine into biodiesel engine and DC exciter of SG by DC-DC converter tied solar array with the battery backup system. The proposed green power plant can be utilized for many applications, this paper focuses on the green electricity generation for the induction motor load applied in sugar industry. The biodiesel can be produced with the help of wastages from the sugar industry. Hence this makes the power plant cost effective. In addition, the surplus power has been injected to the grid according to the requirement. Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) analysis has been done at grid and Point of common coupling (PCC) respectively. A simulation has been done in MATLAB(SIMULINK) and the results have been discussed and analyzed.
Keywords: Bio diesel power plant, Synchronous Generator, Solar Excited DC excitation, Renewable Energy sources, Solar array, DC-DC converter, BDfSESG, BDE (Bio-Diesel Engine).

Environmental regulations have been tightened since Volkswagen's diesel gates. To cope with environmental regulations, eco-friendly cars should be developed, but due to the high price, it is difficult to be accepted by all consumers. As customer needs diversify, the product life cycle is shortening and needs to be addressed. Manufacturers need to innovate their processes to diversify their products and reduce lead times. This paper aims to predict long-term future engine torque to secure development efficiency and competitiveness of internal combustion engines, which are the major components of automobiles. Sales data for 20 years from 1998 to 2017 were used, with weights based on sales volume. Based on the above data, time series analysis was conducted using three methods, MA, ARIMA, and Fitted Regression. The results of the prediction for each segment were derived, and the engine can be used to plan the engine with appropriate torque.
Keywords: Data mining, Time series analysis, Integrated Product Planning, Market Needs Forecasting, ARIMA, Fitted Regression.

The purpose of this paper is to do an exploratory study of implementation strategy and model of Robotic Process Automation. By implementing Robotic Process Automation, differentiation strategies such as maintenance of IT systems, process innovation, quality improvement, global collaboration system, and simulation of new business have been realized. Recently many companies have implemented Robotic Process Automation to reduce operation costs and increase operation accuracy as well as profit dramatically. Robotic Process Automation leverages AI technologies. Robotic Process Automation is moving toward Intelligent Process Automation to take over difficult and sensitive works.
Keywords: RPA, AI, Use Case, Process Automation,Deep Learning.

In the current scenario, most of the real-time applications are highly associated with the revolution of technology. We are familiar with the advantages of traditional computing process. But, there are few challenges like size and complexity that has to be addressed. Hence, we can rely on recent technology for efficient computing process. All computing process depends on classical method for storing and manipulating the information. But, Quantum computing is based on quanta-mechanical phenomena like entanglement and superposition to perform computation. The future quantum technology provides low power dissipation using reversible logic concepts which evolved from thermodynamics. It has triggered several researchers & scientists in the development of quantum computers. The concept of Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA) holds the advantage of building quantum circuit with minimal area design & power consumption. Hence, Arithmetic & logic unit (ALU) which is a basis of processor has been implemented in both QCA technology & (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) CMOS technology and observed its performance analysis. This AL unit uses four control inputs to perform different arithmetic and logical operations. Simulation tools used for this analysis are Tanner tool and QCA designer tool .The parameters like area and delay are taken into consideration, in which 50% of area reduction has been achieved in QCA nano-technology compared to CMOS technology.
Keywords: Arithmetic logic unit (ALU), Reversible logic, CMOS, Quantum Cellular Automata, Area, Tanner tool, QCA designer tool,

Collaborative learning is the learning approach where group of students learn or attempt to learn something together but it has some impacts such as student’s behavior, the way in which they interact, learning style etc. It is necessary to categorize the student which is a major aspect. So, the students are grouped based on the skills or background. Therefore, it is significant to form groups by depending upon the specified expertise of students. Usually the grouping of students is done unsystematically or by themselves. But categorizing the students based on their skills or background will increase the efficiency of this learning technique. Here, the student’s details are gathered from social medias like Fb. The distinctive characteristic of each student can be discovered by chat history of the particular student. It is done with psycholinguistic databases like MRC and LIWC. The interaction patterns can be identified by network graph of chats formed by java framework JUNG. Using this, different types of centrality scores can be obtained separately. The learning styles can be obtained by using query processing based on Kolb’s learning style. The core intention of this inoovation is to recognize distinctive characteristics of each students, learning style and interaction patterns in green cloud Environment. Evolved from above, students’ group can be created using k-means clustering algorithm. Green Cloud computing is the availability of computing power and resources that is provided as a service for the users across the globe. By establishing this venture to all customers’ worldwide, it will provide high performance in less cost which is more efficient than the dedicated computing machine. So collaborative Learning becomes much easier under Green Cloud Computing.
Keywords: Green Cloud Computing, Collaborative learning, Personality traits, K-NN Algorithm, learning style, grouping.

The main objective of this research paper is to make a survey on the feasibility of different intelligent optimization techniques implemented in power system. These optimization techniques are implemented in power system to supply a stable, reliable and quality power to the electricity utilizers in order to attain efficient usage of utilities at the consumer’s end. In this work different types of optimization techniques are examined to find an optimal solution for specific power system problems like achieving the optimal positioning of hybrid filters for reducing the harmonics injected into the power system, satisfying energy demand, attaining voltage stability, minimizing the cost of generation, economic dispatch problems, tuning different control parameters in controllers, enhancement of power quality and so on. As a known fact the nonlinear loads and semiconductor devices are the sources of harmonics in power system. Still researches are carried out in the optimal placement of filters, Custom Power Devices, Capacitors, Transformers and so on in power system. The optimally placed filters should not exceed the precise THDV and THDI limits as per IEEE 519-1992 standard.
Keywords: Optimization Techniques, Custom Power Devices (CPDs), THDV, THDI, Hybrid Filters.

Non-destructive mechanisms for fruit grading and sorting have received wide research attention in the drive towards sustainable agricultural practices minimizing energy utilization, computational resources and improving the longevity of the produce. Green engineering practices imbibing artificial intelligence and image processing approaches have considerably improved the potential of agricultural supply chain of several products. Automated sorting and grading of tomatoes according to ripeness levels and defects, to improve their utilization and commercial value is a complex problem, due to the large number of discerning parameters involved. In this paper, we propose a classification system employing a pair of binary SVM classifiers for sorting and grading tomatoes. The first SVM classifier is unique irrespective of the ripeness levels, to separate tomato species. The ripeness level is determined for tomato species based on the mean green component. Followed by this, the defective and healthy tomatoes are distinguished with a super pixel segmentation operation. The second SVM classifier is then employed to detect the black spot and canker defects separately in ripe and unripe fruits. Though the same feature vectors are employed for defect detection irrespective of the ripeness, the reference image taken for generation of residual images for feature extraction differs for ripe and unripe tomatoes. Extensive experiments with well-designed test cases on datasets created under controlled experiments demonstrate the classification accuracy of the proposed system. We have accomplished a classification accuracy of 95% for ripe fruits and 92.5% for unripe fruits in the detection of black spots and cankers.
Keywords: Tomato, Ripeness, Diseases detection, super pixels, SVM.

Cloud computing is an inevitable technology for Remote Healthcare System (RHS), as it demands greater data availability. The healthcare information of the patients is stored in remote cloud storage and are highly susceptible to security breaches. Hence, it is quintessential to safeguard the sensitive healthcare data for ensuring data integrity and consistency. The healthcare data must be protected from intruders, so that they infer anything from the outsourced data. This work imposes two security policies such as watermarking and chaotic encryption for safeguarding the data. The watermarking phase is based on dual transforms followed by the process of chaotic encryption. The performance of the proposed work is assessed with the standard performance measures and the results are verified against the existing approaches.
Keywords: Green cloud computing, remote healthcare system, security, cloud data storage, data privacy.

Edge computing is decentralized computing technology to reduce cloud computing's overload or security problems that redirect local data to a central data center. Edge computing is emerging as a technology that complements cloud computing in the IoT environment where huge amounts of data are generated in real time.This paper introduces recent IoT network and edge computing technology and its applications on the healthcare services. This paper also proposes efficient resource management called CaRM to ensure stable data services for sensor nodes and edge gateways in the edge-based IoT environment.In CaRM, the context-based classification and dynamic resource management are devised to improve the stability and performance of IoT-based healthcare services. Based on the context-based classification, the sensor-level resource tree and application-level resource tree are generated. After creating a service-context tree that incorporates these two trees, CaRM controls the permitted range of individual resource consumption at each service level to guarantee ensured service.The amount of IoT data transfer should be reduced to operate on inexpensive edge gateways compared to powerful regular computers. The chained compression modules are constructed by multiple connections with small compression segments to reduce both compression and decompression overhead.
Keywords: Internet of Things, healthcare service, context-based classification, edge-based IOT, edge Computing, compression and Decompression

Everything is connected to the internet, so the internet of things can communicate without user intervention. The Internet of Things (IoT) has recently been used in various fields such as smart homes, automobiles, manufacturing, agriculture, smart factories, and industrial sites. In the HTTP communication protocol environment, we built a system to communicate between client servers using MQTT and CoAP communication protocols with HTTP using fine dust sensors and communication protocols and to identify the amount of power used for each communication. By comparing and analyzing the amount of power according to the mode of each communication protocol, we conducted a study on the communication protocol suitable for fine dust IoT devices.
Keywords: oneM2M, MQTT, CoAP, Standard protocol, fine dust, IoT.

Hilla city, Babylon, Iraq depends on the water supply and irrigation from the Shatt al-Hilla river. The major purpose of research was to assess changes in the quality of water related to variation in land use in the Shatt Al Hilla River. Samples of water were collected in six selected river sampling sites between 7 August 2019 to 10 January 2020. Temperature, pH, DO, EC, TDS, PO4, NO3, SO4, Mg, Ca, Na, K, TH, turbidity and total bacterial counts were analysed by using standard methods for evaluating water quality changes. Also, Water Quality Index (WQI) used for assessing water quality. Water quality status indicates that phosphate, turbidity and calcium exceed water quality limits from the sampling site. As such, Hilla city, which monitors Shatt Al-Hilla's water quality, should expand the amount of monitoring sites. The results from Water Quality Index show that water quality was unsuitable to use in drinking in the dry and wet weather unless treat of it.
Keywords: : Land Use ,Water Quality, Shatt al-Hilla river, sampling, dry weather, wet weather, Water Quality Index (WQI).

In this study, improvements were made to the designs and performance of the package surface water treatment plant project in the southern city of Diwaniyah (PSWTPSD), in Iraq. PSWTPSD suffers from poor quality of water produced mostly due to malfunction of the mechanical rapid mixer and chemical mixing pumps (alum quantity - alum concentration). And due to the lack of periodic financial allocations for the maintenance of mechanical equipment and the continuous interruption of electrical current, we have therefore prepared a design and implementation of a rapid hydraulic mixing system (Helical Static Mixer) that achieves the highest efficiency in removing the turbidity and making the water conform to Iraqi specifications with the use of natural coagulants (Moringa Oleifera) as catalysts for alum. To achieve the highest efficiency in removing the turbidity of the PSWTPSD, COMSOL Multiphase 5.4 software was used to design a Helical Static Mixer and then it was implemented in the project, and the jar test was also used to determine the best doses of alum and natural coagulant (Moringa Oleifera) to achieve the highest efficiency for removing the turbidity. After the mechanical rapid mixer basin was replaced by a hydraulic Helical Static Mixer the project was run for testing.Where checks were made for the quality of the raw water and the quality of treated water. The optimum hydraulic velocity gradient was determined at 750 s-1 and the mixing detention time was 2 seconds. The optimum dose for alum was 30 mg/l and the optimum dose of natural coagulation (Moringa Oleifera) was 120 mg/l for highest raw water turbidity 450 NTU. These project improvements led to the turbidity value of treated water being less than 1.2 NTU, which is identical to the permissible limit in the specifications of Iraqi drinking water, which is less than 5 NTU.
Keywords: : Package Water Treatment Plant, Moringa Oleifera, Helical Static Mixer, Turbidity, Alum.

One of crude oil types in Iraq is Diyala oil (Khana oil). In this paper, oil was tested in terms of its physical properties, determining other oil properties such as American Petroleum Institute (API), Watson characterization factor (Kw factor) and correlation index (CI). These properties were compared to the Dura oil properties (Baghdad region). According to the ASTM-2892 distillation method, special distillation plots were obtained of the tested crude oil to determine the ratios and quantities that support the raw data of common crude oil derivatives. These results were studied from the perspective of oil quality (sulfur content in distillation fractions). It was clear from the full results that the characteristics of crude oil are mixed (or intermediate) of crude oil and compared with other properties of crude oil.
Keywords: Crude oil, oil physical properties, Watson characterization factor, Khana Oil, Sulfur content.

In this study, the convection diffusion equations which are coupled in nature are solved using Finite Difference method. In engineering, physics and blood flow meters MHD has an important role. The MHD steady flow with cross sections of the shapes triangle, rectangule and square annulus are numerically solved using classical FDM (Finite Difference Method). On the boundary Dirichlet and Neumann conditions are applied. In this problem, by changing the parameters θ- angle of magnetic field applied and Hartmann number the results are obtained. To study the behaviour of induced magnetic field and velocity numerical results are illustrated in the form of contours.
Keywords:  Finite Difference Method, Magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) Flow, Partially conducting wall, Hartmann number, Magnetic field.

Water is undoubtedly the most important resource on earth. In order to distribute this resource humans came up with pipeline systems that transport it right into our homes. However this system generated a new problem that shows it’s effect slowly and over a long period of time. This is the problem of water leakage. Also considerable is the fact that water leakage in vast delivery systems is only visible on the surface and much goes undetected. Thus the focus of this project will be to make an attempt to solve this problem by the application of wireless sensors and embedded systems. The idea is to utilize Arduino pressure sensors which are commonly used in robotics to monitor water flow across taps and other possible outlets. After continuous monitoring if a uniquely long term water flow is detected then it will be treated as a leakage and the maintenance staff for the concerned delivery system will receive a notification on their hand held device using cloud through wireless transmission marking the location of the leaking outlet. Water asset management is one of the key objectives of any nation on the planet as water prerequisite is expanding steeply; including robotization in such frameworks will decrease human blunders and will build productivity of labor.
Keywords: Water, Leakage, detect, Pipelines, Leak detection technologies, Arduino Software, Sensor Microcontroller, water wastage, Pressure.

This paper focuses on a smart irrigation system which is cost effectively used for micro irrigation by a farmer. Currently, the industry uses automation and control machines that are expensive and unsuitable for use in agriculture. Therefore, we develop a model of intelligent drip irrigation using low cost-efficient purification. The field condition voltage control unit informs the farmer about the power situation. The system automatically controls the engine and determines the direction of flow of water through the valve, which promptly reports the incident and field conditions based on the farmer's instructions as well as the combined input of the sensors. It operates at low pressure and distributes irrigation to crops according to height and gravity. Emitter pressure and water flow rate are important considerations for developing a fail-safe system for different crops grown simultaneously.
Keywords: Drip Irrigation, Safe Smart Farming, Smart Agriculture, Motor Control, Sensors.

This paper proposes a performance model of Controller Area Network (CAN) to measure the effect of bit-error, especially on an identifier field of CAN messages over erroneous channels. CAN were introduced to allow various devices embedded inside cars to communicate in a real-time over a shared channel. For resolving collisions in a real-time way, CAN adopt a contention-free protocol, namely a bit-map algorithm where messages are bitwise arbitrated based on their priority, precisely the identifier in CAN’s messages when multiple nodes contend for the shared channel. Contamination on the identifier, therefore, can severely degrade the performance of CAN since all senders recognizing errors immediately terminate their transmission and wait for a certain amount of time to resume competition. Furthermore, when the number of errors experienced exceeds the predetermined threshold, CAN stays at the bus-off mode where no messages are sent, requiring outside intervention to be back to the normal operational mode. To predict the performance deterioration of CAN over noisy channels, this paper builds a Markov chain model of CAN.
Keywords:  CAN, Identifier, Arbitration Field, Analytical Model, Markov Chain and Throughput.

Analyzing the causes of recent car accidents, drowsy driving has a much higher accidental mortality rate than drunk driving. In this paper, following the previous research, we proposed a method to monitor in real time and provide an alarm by wearing a headset with a low-cost MEMS posture sensor on the driver's head to prevent traffic accidents caused by drowsiness of vehicle drivers. The method proposed in this paper is to implement a system that alerts the driver in various ways by evaluating the driver's drowsiness and gazing state by collecting the driver's head position data using a sensor and comparing this data with standard data. To detect the displacement angle of the driver's head, a 9 DOF GY-85 with MEMS gyro, accelerometer and magnetometer was used. In addition, an extended Kalman filter was used for the purpose of removing noise from the collected data. The offset limit was set by analyzing the driver's head posture data under normal conditions with reference to the safe driving requirements required to exclude changes in head movement detected due to other causes besides drowsiness or carelessness. Furthermore, in consideration of practical convenience and applicability, in addition to the warning system of the sensor mounted on the headset, the software was developed to apply the function to interwork with the driver's smartphone via Bluetooth. The drowsy driving detection system using the low-cost sensor proposed in this paper confirmed its practicality through vehicle mounting experiments.
Keywords: Drowsy driving, drowsy detection, head angle, safe driving

Helical springs are necessary elements of huge numbers of machine parts. The major function of spring absorbs energy due to the impact and releases it after that. The main issue in this study is how to avoid the exhaustion energy of the machine to reduce the cost. To obtain this goal, hollow cross-section shaft has been suggested to reduce the weight of spring with almost saving all mechanical characteristics of spring. In the present study the AISI 347 Annealed Stainless Steel (SS) was taken as material of compression spring, analysis of the static load has done by using finite element approach to determine all result concern with loads, deflection and stress. The relationship between loads and deflection has been discussed besides the relation between stiffness, weight and the inner diameter of the hollow shaft. After the calculation, the results show an improvement in weight of compression helical spring with little change in stiffness.
Keywords:  Numerical, Helical compression Spring, Hollow Shaft, Optimizing, Energy.

This research includes a practical study to investigation the bending behavior of simply-supported sustainable concrete beams using recycled concrete aggregate in both states (cured and untreated conditions) with replacement rates (50% and 100%). The laboratory work involves the process of recycling concrete aggregate by crushing it to the required size, then the treatment process for recycled aggregates is carried out by soaking in dilute hydrochloric acid for (24) hours, then soak it in water for another (24) hours, then it is air-dried to be ready for treatment with (sodium metasilicate pentahydrate) solution for one hour. After that casting concrete beam samples with dimensions of (1300) mm in length, (100) mm in width and (150) mm in height. The experimental results show that the treatment effect for recycled aggregates improves compression strength by (3.1%) compared to the compressive strength of the same aggregate without treatment. Using recycled aggregate without treatment at a replacement rate of (50 & 100)% reduces the cracking load by (16.6 & 27.7)%, respectively, and from the maximum load of the beam by (17.3 & 40.1)%, respectively, compared to the normal aggregate while treatment of aggregates improved the first cracking load by (13.3 & 23.1)%, respectively, as well as improved the ultimate load of the beams by (12.9 & 51.1)%, respectively, compared to untreated recycled aggregates with the same replacement rates.
Keywords:  flexural behavior, sustainable concrete, concrete barriers, barriers wastes, treated recycled concrete aggregate.

This work aims to present the influence of the (compressibility of the field, temperature and contaminant velocity) on the VOF (volume of fluid) and the needed transport time of the contaminants that dispersed in horizontal pipes using computational fluid dynamic technique (CFD). A physical model with several experimental works were made and used to study the transportation of two immiscible liquids. A simulation part of CFD simulated model using COMSOL 5.4 software was also designed and operated to simulated the problem and provides the results. It was shown that the temperature has insignificant effect on the results of the VOF and the flow pattern of the flow.While, the increasing of the contaminant velocity leads to the irregular behavior of the flow pattern. Also, the contaminant velocity has a significant effect on the distribution of VOF across the diameter of the pipe. The viscosity has a great effect on the velocity distribution of the flow along the pipe. Comparing the results of the CFD simulated model and that of the physical model provide a very good verification agreement in most cases.Comsol 5.4 multiphysics successes to simulate flow well and the VOF in good manner. In case of the simulating of the transport time of the contaminant, the simulated CFD model did not give a perfect matching with the results of the physical model.
Keywords:  CFD model, contaminates transport, piping flow, two phase flow, Transient Laminar Flow Condition.

The present study aims to investigate the effect of untreated wastewater effluents on the diversity of plant phytoplankton in the Euphrates River near the center of the city of Suq al-Shuyukh. Models of river water were collected from three selected stations on the river to complete the study once per 1420 class with three replicates. The results of the present study showed that there is a situational variation in the specific composition of phytoplankton in the number of species, the number of species and the predominance of algal groups in different environmental conditions or indicators between the studied stations. A person (96) species (45) genus in the first station, (70) species belonging to (37) genera in the second station affected by the waste of sewage (non-treatment) and the person (88) species belonging to (39) genera at the third station, The diatoms are concentrated on the rest of the algae groups in the river water for all the studied stations. The greenish algae are followed by greenish green algae, followed by the two types of algae and the whip whales in the first and third plants. In the second plant, which is affected by the untreated sewage waste, And vegetable algae) place the other in the sequence of the dominance of phytoplankton, as the masters of some species of phytoplankton in the number of species in this plant, such as Cyclotella and Oscillatoria species and dominated some species, such as species Cyclotella meneghiniana and Navicula cryptocephala. The variation of the Jagard-type variant of the phytoplankton species identified in the current study shows a low proportion of the plant affected by untreated sewage waste and other studied plants. Biologics showed significant differences in the values of some environmental factors affecting the presence and diversity of phytoplankton such as water temperature, turbidity, light permeability, hydroxyl, nutrients (nitrate, nitrite and phosphates), dissolved oxygen and bio-oxygen requirement.
Keywords: water temperature, turbidity, light permeability, hydroxyl, nutrients, untreated sewage waste, political boundaries.

Monte Carlo simulation is traditionally used for global sensitivity analysis using correlation matrix method with uncertain parameters. Uncertainty may be either due to variability or randomness or due to imprecision or fuzziness. Variability is addressed by probability density function and fuzziness is addressed by membership (triangular, or trapezoidal) function. Often it has been envisaged that the global sensitivity analysis in presence of mixture of both type of variables (random and fuzzy) is challenging. In fact, the task of sensitivity analysis with the model parameters which are fuzzy or imprecise in nature due to insufficient knowledge is challenging. Uncertainty modeling of a physical system at the design time is very important for decision making policies. But prior to uncertainty, actual influential parameters are required to determine. Model having countless unsure boundaries is required to go through the affectability examination to screen the most significant boundaries. The objective of this paper is to explore the application of Dempster Shafer evidence theory for sensitivity analysis and modeling uncertainty of a contaminant transport system (e.g. solute transport system).
Keywords:  Sensitivity, uncertainty, evidence theory, Monte Carlo, fuzziness, randomness.

The management of Water quality means identifying the quantity and quality of pollutants for certain water resources, this study was conducted on the Euphrates river, especially at Shatt Al Kufa. Past observations of raw water at Kufa river station were gathered and analyzed for thirty months period, starting from January 2010 to June 2012, (temperature, total dissolved solids, turbidity, total hardness, electrical conductivity, magnesium, sulphate, hydrogen ion concentration, calcium and chloride) and verified with sample analysis from the year 2015 to 2017 in same months. The aim of this study reveals the quality of water samples collected. The relations among various parameters with regression analysis were investigated by using statistical analysis via software program "Data Fit" version 9.0. The present study showed Illegal industrial wastewater and domestic sewage discharged from adjacent areas to the river affecting contaminants cumulative. Temperature showed a strong positive correlation with turbidity while it's showed a strong negative correlation with pH and chloride. The measured values of turbidity fluctuated between 1.58 and 56 NTU, mean value was 10.74, so, this value is greater than recommended WHO limit 5NTU pH, mean value of electrical conductivity, all measured values of calcium, mean value of chloride were within the permissible limit of Iraqi and WHO. All values measured of sulfates higher than the allowable limit of Iraqi and WHO standards.Peak value and arithmetic mean value of measured TDS were less than acceptable limit of Iraqi standards (1500 mg/l), while the high value 1212 is higher than WHO limits. Strong positive correlations with many parameters EC, TH, Mg and Cl, and moderate positive correlation value with Ca and So4 were noted.
Keywords: water quality, statistical analysis, model regression, water parameters, Kufa station.

Removing the dirt from escalator ducts requires cost-intensive personnel and involves dangerous working conditions. To improve this, special robots have been developed, but so far, only studies on the control of the robot have been published, which further did not treat the important part of quantitative dirt determination. In this study, based on machine learning we develop an algorithm that allows determining the amount of dirt and apply it to our cleaning robot. In an environment similar to that in an escalator duct, the dirt amount is categorized into five levels according to the dirt pile-up height, while the lighting and wall colors are set as variables. Image preprocessing, such as edge detection and huff transform, is used to remove irrelevant objects such as walls from the images. Out of 4 algorithm models –SVM (Support Vector Machine), kNN (k-Nearest Neighbors), Decision Tree, and k-Means–, SVM is found to be most accurate and is therefore employed for the dirt quantification algorithm. A prototype robot running the dirt quantification algorithms was established. Accurate operation at each dirt level could be confirmed. It was shown that dirt can be effectively quantified using machine learning. Accuracy could be further improved by subdividing the dirt level and increasing the amount of dirt image data.
Keywords:  Machin learning, Support vector machine, Cleaning robot, Escalator duct, K-nearest neighbors, Decision Tree, K-means.

This paper presents a novel algorithm for the measured maximum peak gain of the antenna is 14 dBi at 2.4 GHz beam scanning range is realized in wifi band. In the past, wireless systems have used antennas that frequently use smart antennas, fixed to dynamically adapt to changing traffic requirements. These are usually used in base station antennas where narrow beam beams radiate from different users to serve. Adaptive rays are formed based on the adaptive algorithms that Least Mean is used to calculate nodal weights. One of these algorithms is an algorithm of Artificial Neural Networks, and Square layer of neural network algorithm although there are many types of neuronal networks, there is a great deal during recent years, all of which have evolved in common with the following advantages: the impossibility of analytical formulation representing them, their adaptation to the environment, which allows them to learn from the changing environment of the leaky wave antenna, and this allows the completion of a calculation speed High, the use of neural networks in smart antenna systems gives more degrees of freedom than adaptive algorithms such as nodal control, thus improving the output of the smart antenna which is reflected in the overall system scanning radiation pattern performance.
Keywords: smart antenna, artificial intelligence, beam scanning, algorithm, smart scanning.

Tank irrigation plays a predominant role in South Indian agricultural context. They were constructed some decades ago on the shallow valley to store water for future purposes by our ancestors. This water storage structure was not only meant for agricultural purposes but also for its allied activities and sometimes for off- farm activities too. Hence this paper is an attempt on analytical study of off-farm activities and its role on increased income for rural community of sample village. The present analytical investigation shows that about 18 % of off-farm income contribution among total revenue earned by the users after rehabilitating the water storage structures. This shows the significant improvement in rural livelihoods especially for the economically vulnerable communities. Further, the study clearly indicated that rehabilitating water storage structures is not only beneficial for improvising on farm activities but it positively influences the off farm activities also.
Keywords:  Tank Renovation, Off-farm activities, Livelihood options, Water market, Brick making.

Sewerage water in Marjan Hospital was considered a major change in the degree of environmental pollution, especially hospital wastewater. Hospital wastewater contains contagious, contaminating, toxins, radioactive, and biodegradable pollutants that could lead to pollution and healthproblem.A presence of neighboring hospital to the residential potential to cause environmental problems due to hazardous waste disposal. The study had the goal of: Determine the properties of wastewater as well as to compare it with the permitted Iraqi wastewater limit. Samples taken in liquid sewage tanks entering and leaving the hospital, then the pollutant concentration was measured using the APHA method and compared with Iraqi determinants No. 25 of 1967. Research findings announced that average concentration of an entering and leaving pollutants ranged between) 7.67-7.62) for PH, EC (1618- 1487) µs/cm, TSS (240 -166) mg.L-1, CL (911-869) mg.L-1, SO4(777 – 679) mg.L-1, NO3 (28 - 8.57) mg.L-1, BOD (400 – 385) mg.L-1, COD (801 - 647) mg.L-1. As for the average rates of heavy elements represented by [pb, Ni, Cr, Cd, Ag] for entering and leaving for the hospital, they ranged between (0.91 - 0.67) µg.L-1 for pb, (0.72 - 0.16) µg.L-1 for Ni (0.75 - 0.17) µg.L-1 for Cr, (0.11- 0.04) µg.L-1for Cd, (0.03 - 0.05) µg.L-1 for Ag. And also the total number of fecal coliform bacteria (FC) entering and leaving, they ranged between [(343-135) *10^3] NPP/ 100 ml.
Keywords:  Hospital Wastewater, Septic tanks, Organic pollutants, Fecal coliform, Heavy metals.

This work investigated cement mortars with Nano- SiO2 in terms of features. It also analyzed the mechanical features of cement mortars after adding Nano-SiO2. Nano SiO2 could react with cement to produce new strong bonds to strengthen the concrete. First, hydrophobic Nano SiO2 (HPS) was added to the cement mortars by 0.2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, and 4 wt.% for mixes (M2-M6). Then, the same amounts of hydrophilic Nano SiO2 (HLS) were added to mixes (M7-M11). The results indicate that 2.5% of HLS gave the greatest strength which relies on the chemical and physical HLS manufacturers. The HPS was converted into HLS by exposing the sample to a high temperature about (1000 ±2) C0 to break down the monolayer organic chain covering the Nanoparticles. This was to produce high-performance concrete. Mechanical and chemical methods were used to manufacture HLS from waste materials. These materials are compared with the silica extracted in its ideal condition (commercial) consisting of 99.1% SiO2.The addition of 2.5% wt. HLS (commercial) containing 99.1% SiO2 increased the mortar strength by 100%. However, with the addition of 2.5% wt Nano waste ceramic (HLCPS), which includes 65% SiO2, the mortar is stronger than the reference mix by 60%. Also, it the addition of 2.5% wt strengthen the mortar by 80%. The Nano silica is a synthesis of barley wastes (HLBGS), Nano SiO2 by HNO3 acid 10% w/v, and 80% SiO2.SiO2 reacted with calcium hydroxide formed from calcium silicate hydration. The pozzolanic reaction was proportional to the surface area available for reaction. This work attempted to test the effects of the addition of Nanoparticles on cement mortars and to compare (HLS) and (HPS) effects on enhancing the compressive strength of the concrete mortar.It also aimed to examine the physical and chemical manufacturing features of Nanoparticles from waste materials.
Keywords: Hydrophobic silica, Hydrophilic silica, Nano-SiO2, Mortar, Waste barely, Nano-ceramic.

The traditional system of using Auto CAD for drawing and Primavera p6 for scheduling did not made the clients able to understand the project status. Also, time consuming without giving proper representation. In this research an efficient method was proposed to determined appropriate location for a construction project. Moreover, reducing time, cost and effort is to identify the proposed location for the establishment of the projects and analyzed maps to implement the necessary conditions for the established projects using the ArcMap. The novelty in this research used Auto CAD for draw the sketches and the corresponding was imported into Arc GIS. The data was geo referenced to show the plan on the Google earth and the coordinates are found using Google Earth Software. For this plan the scheduling was done in primavera P6 which used to find the cost and the duration with status for the project. Based on the data could update in Arc GIS which showed the work progress graphically on the Google Earth. A case study was done on a Secondary school building (Falahya) which located in Wasit, Iraq. Arc GIS was used to show the availability of infrastructure and transportation facilities to reduce the cost of project. Primavera P6 software was used to generate the schedules, which linked with the Geographical Information System (GIS) in order to achieve the goal of the study by reduced the time and the cost of the project. The results show that GIS and Primavera P6 software minimized the time about 32% and the cost about 13% of the project than used the traditional method.
Keywords:  Resource Optimization, Construction, Primavera P6, Cost and Time

Recently the saturation of wireless network technologies is creating a heterogeneous multi-radio access technology (RAT) environment. Users Mobile (UM) roaming securely in multi-RAT environments is now a big obstacle in the mobile network of the next decade. UM, this should be optimally connected to relay the best Current connected (CCB) paradigms, means having a better way of communicating to anyone at any time. Although Handover of the vertical side can be described as a technical process that plays the role of changing the path of UM from one side of RAT to another, several VOH algorithms are presented to make successful HOV decision and avoid unnecessary one time. This paper highlights some of the key basic features and the most popular algorithms based on a scheme (non-cognitive and cognitive). Ultimately, literature is used to state assessment and conclusion.
Keywords: Heterogeneous wireless Network, selection algorithms, vertical handover decision, cognitive and non- cognitive algorithms.

Now outsourcing applications to third party servers or Cloud servers are envisioned, with these different companies are excited to use this public context. Virtualization is a system where a single physical instance of a source is created and it disseminated between various companies. Here a single physical copy allocates to multiple logical cases. The Green Cloud computing area is public so any client can deploy the application and access it worldwide. But a lot of security challenges arise to conquer this indicating MapReduce using these secure analytics completed on virtualized infrastructure, and the result compared with AES. The issue in existing process is a large volume of information and protecting these big data too tedious process.Whereas, MapReduce processes a large quantity of information easily and it spilt procedure and execute on different servers simultaneously.
Keywords:  Virtualization, Cloud, MapReduce, Hadoop and AES.

Gas leakage is one of the crucial issues in different industries and applications because the hazards gas creates serious health problems. Due to the leakage issues, gas leakage detectors are used in many industries to predict the gas level effectively.The sensor collects various information such as gas leakage, level of hazard, leaked time and so on.This information is processed by applying different baseline approaches, but those approaches fail to predict the exact gas leakage. Even though those algorithms created complexity while processing the complex and missing data. Because of the computation problem, the system enables the false alarm to the operator. Therefore, a novel wireless sensor device has been created for making the data collection process and the optimized machine learning techniques applied to process the gas leaked data. Here the primary objective of the work is to maximize the leakage prediction
Keywords:  Wireless Sensor Networks, Machine Learning, Neural Networks, Rasperry Pi, Optimization

Cardiovascular disease has become the most common disease now-a-days and it is always good to prevent than to deal with the disease. Remote healthcare systems are in high demand, owing to the advancement of technology. This article introduces a cardiovascular disease prediction system, which could work on both standard benchmark database and real-time data. As the real-time medical data is huge, it is necessary to utilize big data and cloud computing frameworks. KELM classifier is employed for predicting the cardiovascular disease. The KELM is trained with the statistical set of features obtained from the dataset. The efficiency of the proposed work is matched with the existing techniques and the results are satisfactory in terms of accuracy, precision and recall.
Keywords:  Remote healthcare system, cardiovascular disease, big data, green cloud computing, disease prediction.

In this digital age development of green classroom makes a great impact on teaching and learning methods. Using less energy we can make an environment-friendly classroom. The proposed model includes two modules 1. The attendance will be automatically recorded 2. The next part of our system is that we will be using safe engineering practices to capture the various emotions students are going through the classroom. This system will help the teacher to get a good idea of the emotions that the student is going in the classroom. The status of the students is recorded and presented to the teacher so they can assess what difficulty students are having inside the class using the framework based on Deep Learning Model. In addition to that participation index of each student in the class environment will be consolidated and presented through Grafana database.
Keywords: Deep learning model, classroom Behavior management, Emotion Recognition, Green classroom, MobileNet Image classification, RmNet, Influx Database.

The demand for cement concrete usage for modern building construction is increasing gradually .The raw materials available naturally for the manufacture of cement is degrading and the main drawback in the manufacture of cement is the release of carbon dioxide gas in excess into the atmosphere in order to overcome this, an incidential product from industry act as an alternative binder namely Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), metakaolin, flyash, silica fume certainly untilized. Concrete made up of flyash or GGBS is called geopolymer concrete. These binders vary in chemical properties, which influence the compressive strength, so the forecasting is needed to determine the compressive strength. This paper’s primarily focus is to present an integrated approach for forecasting compressive strength of GGBS based sustainable geopolymer concrete by using machine techniques via Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Flyash, GGBS, Al/Bi, SS/SH, Molarity, CA, FA, SP, water are taken in variables and the compressive strength is the yield value; to train the network feed-forward and back-propagation algorithm is adopted. The developed ANN model predicts the compressive strength with a correlation coefficient values of 0.947- 0.977, with the acceptable mean relative error. The average percentage errors are found to be as 0.574 % for 7 days and 0.946 % for 28 days of compressive strength by using mean absolute percentage error, root means square error.The developed model is found to be capable of forecasting the compressive strength of sustainable geopolymer concrete mixed with GGBS binder with a limited number of available data.
Keywords:  Machine learning, ANN, Geopolymer concrete, GGBS, Compressive strength,

Due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, geotechnical investigation reports plays important role in construction of all infrastructure projects in the developing countries. To determine the mechanical properties of soil strata, SPT is most frequently used quick and inexpensive method. From the SPT test, the sub soil characteristics, angle of shearing resistance can be determined in cohesion less soils and undrained shear strength in cohesive soils. The data analysed in this paper is cohesive soil for increasing lanes of National highway. If the sub soil conditions are not suitable for the required constructions then soil strata have to be modified as per requirements. The weak strata can be analysed from depth vs N value graph. From Atterberg’s limit values LI is calculated, by substituting LI value undrained shear strength values are calculated using WORTH AND WOOD (1978) formula and correlations were developed between calculated undrained shear strength and SPT N [1]. The obtained correlation is verified by comparing with previous correlations available in literature so that the obtained correlations may be used for design problems in geotechnical engineering.
Keywords: SPT, Liquidity Index, Sub Soil parameters,Undrained shear strength (Cu), Atterberg’s limits.

The exhaust gas from diesel engines is very harmful to humans, especially because PM2.5 penetrates deep into the lungs through the respiratory system and causes lung disease. DPF was developed as an after-treatment device to reduce the exhaust gas emitted from an automobile engine and has been activated by supporting environmental subsidies aging diesel vehicles currently under the supervision of the Ministry of Environment. Besides, many technologies for DPF have been developed, and about 20 companies in Korea are producing and selling them. DPF uses a lot of ceramic and SIC materials, but during the regeneration process, the ceramic material melts due to local high heat and cracks due to vibration generated during vehicle driving, resulting in durability problems. A metal DPF was developed to solve the problems of these ceramic and SIC materials, which has excellent mechanical strength and thermal conductivity and is economical in the manufacturing process. These DPF require a lot of theoretical analysis according to the thermal conductivity, the amount of capture, the temperature distribution, and the pressure drop and regeneration process. Also, control technology is needed to ensure the regeneration and capture capability of the filter. Generally, there are natural regeneration, forced regeneration, and complex regeneration. National regeneration uses the exhaust gas temperature emitted from the exhaust gas to burn the collected soot, and this requires an exhaust temperature of 270℃ or higher. Therefore, it is difficult to apply the natural regeneration method in the city center area. On the other hand, forced regeneration is a method of burning soot with a burner using external fuel, and a technique for controlling an appropriate time is required. In this research, a metal filter is applied to a large-scale engine for generators to optimize the backpressure formed by applying the filter and to develop a technology that satisfies environmental regulations for PM, CO, and HC.
Keywords:  DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter), PM2.5, Soot, CO, Regeneration.

Treatment of water is important for the protection of the environment and for human well-being. Electromagnetic water treatment is old but aimed at getting the amount of pollutants common in a new way. The current study presents results related to the effect of an electromagnetic field (EMF) on synthetic water with NaCl salt (represented by TDS).One of the most important problems facing society today is the salinity of water, as happens in Iraq, specifically the city of Basra. The severity of the salt tongue in Shatt al-Arab due to natural factors like climate change, drought and lack of drainage of human water and other related to water supply management and aquatic neighboring countries policy, In view of the problems arising from the rise in salinity and the suffering of the communities of areas living on salt water in this study, the discovery of a way to solve this issue, namely the electromagnetic treatment of salt water, was highlighted. Due to their health, ecological integrity, simplicity and low operating costs, the electromagnetic treatments for water and wastewater attract special attention. During the function of the electromagnetic processing unit the effect of five variables on the efficiency of pollutant removal was checked. An air core inside the reactor has been adapted to treat it in the first stage of treatment but the results of treatment was negative then replaced by stainless steel filing to induce the electromagnetic field. The results of the experiment showed a high response efficiency to remove the pollutant using the stainless steel within the reactor. The results conducted that the pH value remain constant with EMF.The performance of the unit is determined by TDS. The result shows best removal efficiency with 79% at the smallest diameter (2.54 cm), 79% at the most number of coil turns (4500 turn), 86.99% at the largest value of the electric current(20 ampere),72.75% at the lowest flow rate (300 ml/hour) and 60.27% at the highest primary concentration (1500 mg/l). Multiple linear regression model was performed stepwise to estimate the correct equation for TDS removal efficiency and turbidity contaminants. At a high degree of accuracy the statistical model’s results corresponded with the field experiments’ results.Finally, EMTU has considered one of the most effective methods of water treatment, especially for desalination of water. EMT unit could be decided to submit to the Iraqi Ministry of Planning as a proposal for treating Basra city water salinity. Solar energy can be used instead of usual electrical generating to make the EMTU more economical.
Keywords:  Electromagnetic field, Water treatment, Steel filling, Salinity removal,Environment.

This study conducted an analysis of the computational fluid dynamics of water meters. Flow meters are used in a variety of applications in various fields. Flowmeters include turbine meters, water meters, or PD meters, such as oval gear meters, which measure the speed of rotation through a rotating body such as an impeller. All of these flowmeters cause pressure loss and sensitively react to changes in the flow rate distribution of the fluid flowing into the flowmeter, thereby increasing uncertainty. Mechanical structures or rotating bodies installed in the fluid flow field wear or become damaged over time, so the flowmeter characteristics change, so periodic calibration by the flow measurement standard system is necessary. Therefore, in this study, fluid analysis of the flowmeter was performed to analyze the flow velocity distribution and flow characteristics. Two flow meter models having different structures were modeled using reverse engineering. The difference between each model is that the flow from the inlet to the outlet is different, FM1 flows in a streamlined fashion, and FM2 represents a straight flow. Flow characteristics and number of rotations were calculated by applying the body interaction function to the internal flow and blades of flow meters. Through this, the error was calculated by the linearity equation through the velocity value for each flowmeter. The results of flow analysis showed that the flow momentum acting on blade surfaces was more uniform for FM1 than FM2, and that the flow momentum of FM1 produced uniform blade rotation. The flow field of FM1 was uniformly distributed across the top, middle, and bottom, whereas that of FM2 was non-uniform for all three sections. This delivery of non-uniform momentum to the blade wings was presumed to interfere with the uniformity of number of blade rotations. Assuming that the number of rotations is linear to inlet flow, FM1 and FM2 had average errors of 5.9% and 16.8%. That is, FM1 was superior to FM2 in terms of linearity. This is the result that the FM1 model is judged to be more advantageous in shape and structure than the FM2 model. These results may serve as basic reference for research on internal structure design and performance of water meters.
Keywords:  Computational Fluid Dynamics, Blade, Momentum, Flow Characteristics, Water Meter.

In the present study, we focus on the quantitative evaluation of oxygen transfer performance of bubble diffusion process, which is the underlying physical model of aeration devices. For this purpose, related physical laws such as Henry’s law of solubility, Fick’s law of diffusion along with water quality standards are briefly reviewed and a new approach to evaluate the oxygen transfer performance of bubblers and aeration devices is proposed. We claim that the oxygen transfer efficiency with specific DO concentration range of concern, rather than at instantaneous concentration level as specified in the ASCE standard, may provide more concrete and meaningful information for comparison. A new test apparatus, established for this study, features repeated degassing-and-aeration operation without introducing any oxidation chemicals or gases for stripping, but by using depressurization along with microbubble generation. The test apparatus is composed of a closed water tank (stainless steel; 0.65m×0.65m×1.0m) with depressurization and degassing feature, underwater bubbler and measurement system for temperature, pressure and oxygen level. This system is capable of maintaining minimum pressure level of 0.1 atm and the dissolved oxygen concentration level down to 2 mg/L. According to the test results for a commercially available bubbler at three different air flow rates (10, 20, and 30 slpm) and at two bubbling depths of 0.4m and 0.8m, the oxygen transfer efficiency of 1.3~2.5% are confirmed and the best performing conditions could be successfully identified.
Keywords:  dissolved oxygen, bubble diffusion, oxygen concentration, oxygen transfer efficiency, Solubility.

The PVA-PAAm-ZrO2 nanocomposites have been prepared by utilizing casting technique. Optical microscope used to determine the diffusion of nanoparticles (NP) in the PVA-PAAm blend. The ZrO2 NP agglomeration accrues with high values added to the polymer blend. The activation groups determined from FTIR spectrum. Absorption spectra were recorded in the wavelengths (190-1100 nm) using UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The absorbance increased with increasing of ZrO2 nanoparticles. The energy gap (Eg) values decreased with the increasing of ZrO2 NP in the (PVA-PAAm-ZrO2) nanocomposite. The optical properties such as absorbance, α, k, and σ show that the nanoparticles changes the structural and optical properties of nanocomposites.From the results, the films candidate for solar cell applications.
Keywords:  PVA-PAAm, Nanocomposite, ZrO2 nanoparticles, optical properties, Energy gap.

The objective of the paper is to develop indoor navigation for organizations using smartphones by reducing the complexity and cost-efficiency of hardware requirements. Due to this, scalability will always be a cause with systems. When the peoples entering into unfamiliar places like an organization, large malls, airports, etc. it will be very difficult to navigate specific places to locate something or to reach somewhere. To overcome this problem we are developing a “mobile application” for the purpose of localization and navigation. The proposed project presents a unique and structural design for indoor navigation as system integration testing in real-time. With a smartphone in hand, the user makes a unique way to identify the destination point using the indoor navigation mobile application. The proposed system was pretty easy for users to find the way of destination point even the users are in unfamiliar places or locations.
Keywords:  Floor plan, Localization, Navigation service, accuracy and smartphone.

Water being the source of life for all creatures covers 3/4th of the earth’s geography. Only 3% of the water source available is potable water in which only 1% is accessible to humans. As the world faces continuously water scarcity problem, converting saline water into potable water becomes need of the hour. Various technologies are adopted for desalination across world in which desalination using solar still is one of the economic and promising method. Brackish water in a solar still is converted to potable water by means of evaporation and condensation. Improving these two will overcome the low productivity problemin a solar still. In this work, experimental performance ofa solar still coated with ZnOnano particle of 1% concentration is compared with conventional solar still under same ambient conditions. Results have shown that the still with ZnOnano particle coating gave better results than conventional solar still. The improvisation in surface area of contactdue to nano coating was found to be the reason behind improved results.
Keywords: Desalination,Saline water,passive solar still, inbuilt condenser, nano particle

Austenitic Stainless Steel is the prominent material for several industrial applications where the surfaces of the components are directly exposed to the corrosive and erosive environment. In order to enhance the surface properties of the materials and life time of the components, the High Velocity Oxy Fuel sprayed (HVOF) coating process is preferred for coating the high hard and dense ceramic powders on to the surface of the components. In this work, Erosion and corrosion properties and its significances were compared between Tungsten Carbide (WC) coated samples and Tungsten Carbide & Chromium Carbide (50 % of WC + 50 % of Cr3C2) composite coated samples and the results were briefly discussed by carrying out appropriate experimental works as per ASTM standard. It is evident from the potentiodynamic polarization studies that the composite coated WC + 50 % Cr3C2 samples exhibited better resistance in corrosion, when compared to WC coated sample. The electro chemical corrosion current (Icorr) is found to be lower and at the same time, registered corrosion potential (Ecorr) is more positive. However, both coated samples exhibit similar kind of corrosion behavior. There is no large differences in the corrosion rate, is reported. It is also found from erosive wear studies that the erosion rate of composite coated (WC + 50 % Cr3C2) material is higher, when compared to single ceramic coated material (WC). The graph was plotted between erodent exposure time and erosive wear rate and observed that the erosion wear rate is in decreasing trend for both the coated materials with increase in the time of exposure of erodent.
Keywords: HVOF, Tungsten Carbide, Chromium Carbide, Erosive Wear Rate, Corrosion.

Walking is one of the sustainable modes of travel. City planners around the world look to implement systems to promote walking in the form of pedestrian facilities like exclusive pedestrian footpaths, pedestrian plaza, pedestrian crossings, etc., to deter the use of motorized vehicles. The lack of pedestrian facilities in the Central Business District (CBD) areas of major metropolitan cities de-motivates people to use motorized vehicles instead of walking. An assessment of the perception of people in Coimbatore city towards the implementation of pedestrian plaza in Gandhipuram which is a CBD area was carried out using a questionnaire survey technique. The survey results indicated that 86% of respondents were not fulfilled by the existing pedestrian facilities and 97% of respondents wanted the pedestrian plaza to be implemented in Gandhipuram, the CBD area considered in the study. The study also presents a design for the pedestrian plaza which when implemented can increase the sustainability of Gandhipuram.
Keywords:  Walking, Sustainable, Pedestrian Facilities, Central Business District, Coimbatore, Pedestrian Plaza.

Now a day’s Solar Power is essential for all domestic purposes due to the demand of power consumption. But the single Solar system doesn’t give the consistent yield due to sun power illumination. To conquer this issue, this project work presents enhancement of hybrid power scheme utilizes with PV/Fuel cell/Battery power to produce constant power using genetic algorithm (GA). The proposed hybrid scheme initially utilizes four module power controllers for independently expose to different duty cycles. The constant DC source is carried out by hybrid power scheme is to optimise the different duty cycle and to provide constant voltage through the load.This paper presents Genetic algorithm (GA) based model to enhance the duty cycle of the controller for a hybrid power control scheme. The simulation result was carried out by MATLAB/SIMULINK.From the model, the data required are generated and the performance is analyzed using a genetic algorithm. The GA based approach indicates better performance when compared with neural network controller.
Keywords:  Hybrid DC source, Genetic algorithm, Duty cycle Enhancement, Hybrid Power Control, Duty Cycle.

Day by dayupgrading new technologies for the engine performance in the two-wheelersector has rushed the normal speed of the motorcycle to the maximum limitwhich trends in the risk of motorcycle frontal impact causingforemostknee and lowerleg/foot injuries. But, thereis minimum scope of the vehiclessafetyduring the impact like frontal collision or fixedobject collision. In thiswork, Numerical simulations wereperformed on the top five motorcyclelegguard design commerciallyavailable in Indiausing ANSYS’19 explicit dynamics module. Based on the simulation results, the optimal design ischosen and experimentallytested. The diamondshapedguard shows minimum deformation and the strain rate wasobtainedthrough drop test using the Piezoelectric test rig. The predictednumericalresults shows bettercorrelationwithexperimentalresultwith a deviation of 9.04%.
Keywords: Legguard, Crashworthiness, Frontal crash, Deformation, strain, ANSYS’19 explicit dynamics

Safe Design and Analysis of Motorcycle leg guard under Dynamic conditions

The uses of Long-Range Energy Alternative Planning (LEAP) Energy PLAN to forecasting and generation expansion planning (GEP) in minimum cost for India have been introduced in this investigation. The expense of power generation including the capital, fuel, activity and support costs for those innovations have been assessed. Point by point investigations have been performed to assess the least expensive alternative of power generation by two unique cases to be specific reference scenario (RS) and optimization scenario (OS) utilizing LEAP. The effect of emission limit of Green House Gases (GHG)on the change in generating technologies have been analyzed. The electrical energy demand, extension capacity and electrical energy to be generarion by each plants have been anticipated till 2030 by LEAP. The optimal solution of LEAP have been applied into Energy PLAN, to design the equivalent in month to month and hourly premise.
Keywords:  Energy PLAN, GHG Emissions, India, LEAP, Least Cost Electricity Generation.

Generation Expansion Planning for India by Enhancing Renewable Integration

In this modern world, the greatest challenge in the healthcare field is the continuous monitoring of the saline liquid at various time periods. This manual monitoring of the saline liquid is a burden for both the nurses and the doctors. Because of the tiring work load of the nurses, sometimes they forget to monitor the saline level which causes danger to the life of the patient. In severe cases reverse blood flow takes place if there is no saline in the bottle. So, there is an urge of a secured saline level observing and controlling system which alerts the concerned nurse or doctor if the liquid level in the bottle reaches below a certain threshold value so that the life of the patient can be saved. Our proposed system is designed in such a way that it specifies the saline liquid level, pulse rate and the body temperature of the patient to the concerned person so that he/she can monitor the status by means of a specific app which give updates about the humidity level, pulse rate and temperature of the patient every 30 seconds. This system can be used in all hospitals since it is simple in design and the cost is also low.
Keywords: Level sensor, Temperature sensor, Pulse sensor, Servomotor, Bluetooth Module.

Multi-level inverters (MLI) have risen as a reasonable option for different power electronic applications. It offers noteworthy highlights regarding reduced Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) because of the increasing number of voltage levels, less voltage stress, lower filter size, and decreased electromagnetic interference (EMI) when contrasted with ordinary two-level inverters. The traditional topologies, for example, Flying Capacitor (FC), Neutral point clamped (NPC) and Cascaded H-connect (CHB) are exceptionally famous for modern applications. Every one of the three topologies has constraints regarding more number of capacitors, voltage sources, and diodes adjusting for the expanded number of voltage levels. In such a manner, Reduced Switched Count Multi-Level Inverter (RSC-MLI) is utilized. This paper presents a reduce number of components MLI with an adjusted Parabolic transporter based level moved Phase Disposition sinusoidal pulse width modulation (LSPD-SPWM) procedure. The exhibition of the Modified Multi-level inverter is researched through recreation concentrates in Matlab/SIMULINK programming. which obtained better results in terms of switches, gate driver circuits, RMS output current (Irms), RMS output voltage (Vrms), and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) as compared to triangular carrier wave level-shifted PWM.
Keywords: Multilevel Inverter, PWM, Parabolic Carrier, Triangular Carrier, THD.

This article deals with effect of desecrate baffles with cut-off on solar air heater performance. Heat transfer fluid (HTF) flows through the system is air, numerically using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) technique with Reynolds from 3000 to 23000. Simulation of the present case was done through using ANSYS fluent 2019R1 with a cut-off ratio of 0.533, 0.417, 0.3, 0.183, and a triangular value of δ=0. The other parameter named attack angle (AOA) or (α_a ) with a range (30º to 70º), was considered to find its effect on fluid flow, heat transfer, and solar air heaters performance. Results are correlated with previous literature studies and those of SAH without baffles.
Keywords:  SAH, CFD, AOA, desecrate baffles, cut-off ribs, heat transfer.

In this article shows that the targeted transformation of cohesive soils can be carried out using stabilizers of different compositions, which in small doses have a positive effect on the formation of the properties of road-building materials due to the activation of physicochemical processes and the optimization of technological processes. The stabilizers in their effect on cohesive soils can be divided into “stabilizers-hydrophobizators” and “stabilizers-hardeners”. The latter, unlike the former, not only reduce heaving processes during freezing of soils, but also sharply change their physical, mechanical, and water-physical parameters. It is possible to expand the boundary of the use of the stabilization method for cohesive soils (from sandy loam to clay with a plasticity number of 27) using a wide arsenal of modern materials, as well as the additional introduction of binders into the system.
Keywords:  stabilization, hydrophobization, surface-active, cohesive soils, plasticity number, inorganic binders, cement, lime, organic binders.