For past some decades, the flue gas emitted from various power plant and industries are found to be a permanent problem for people as well as environment. There have been many filtration devices emerging out over the years, although the Electrostatic Precipitator is found to be an appropriate device owing to high collection efficiency, low pressure drop, and low consumption of energy. The objective of this paper is evaluating the dust collection performance of needle plate type electrostatic precipitators from the outlet gas of medical waste incinerator. This article presents computational fluid-dynamic structure for turbulent flow and particle trajectory simulation using discrete phase model (DPM), and the simulation of particles collecting on the ESP is created in ANSYS Fluent using additional UDS (User Defined Scalars) for Poisson Equation and Conservation of Charge. The results of filtration efficiency, Electrical characteristics, and particle trajectories for needle plate ESP have been attained for different operating conditions such as various applied voltages and particle diameters.
Keywords: Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP), User Defined Function (UDF), Particle Trajectory, Collection Efficiency, Nitrous oxide (NOx).

Recently, interest in image encryption algorithms has begun to grow and many research and techniques have emerged. These techniques are based on the introduction of the image compression coding system with simplified operation, based on the dual-dimensional sensor and the DFrRT (discrete-fractional-random-transform). This system inherits excellent mathematical properties side by side with some of its own features. As an initial application, Micro-discrete images to encrypt and then decrypt them.The purpose of using encryption technology in radiography is to provide a space of safety to keep these images from theft as a result of lapses and attacks. The optimization process does not delete easy elements for interpretation by improving visual representation.
Keywords:  Compressive sensing, Logistic map, Mathematical technique, Proposed Encryption Algorithm, Simulations results and Analyses, and Secret key.

Landforms can be referred in geomorphology for understanding the water of any specific form on land along with understanding the catchment area. Several particular measuring key point such as storage of water, evaporation from the soil to atmosphere value, etc. which are termed as climate measuring terms are made utilized. In general, a map consists of three-fourth of water and in that the covered water to the most. Here, we are focusing on Asian river named Kodavanar river which covers 2591 sq.km also located between the N latitude and E longitudes in Dindigal district Kodaikanal taluk of same place where basin includes Karur district also. This water shed area we considered here is for well planned to utilize the techniques such as remote sensing to notify the aerial parameter as affected morphometric sewerage problem. Also, the geographic information system (GIS) of affected part from the entire area of river is evaluated. The analysis and performance of the landfill spot to segregate the impure water from the drained water without involving human action is carried on. The main focus of the research is to use sensor named flux sensor (FS) for mapping the landslide observation and the affected region which will be referring from GIS that have stored the magnitude of each direction through wireless sensor network connectivity. The proposed system helps in water saving by restoring the catchment with the help of remote sensing as well as save water while considering water conservation.
Keywords:  Catchment, Drainage Features, Flux Sensor, GIS, Morphometric Analysis, River Basin.

Over the years there has been an ever increasing demand for goods which always has an irreversible effect on the environment and as a result higher pressure has been put on supply chain to become sustainable. Also companies are made to follow policies and initiatives by the government so that an individual contributes well to an organization as well as the Indian economy. This papers helps to identify the various variables that influence the logistics industry and this study was done with the help of a survey and asking opinions from experts from the logistics industry in India. An exploratory factory analysis (EFA) was done to group the variables into factors for much easier understanding. From the results, it was found that 14 variables, it was grouped into two factors namely environmental and economic factors as 8 and 6 variables respectively after performing EFA and then reliability test. In an organization the top management directs the economic factors whereas environmental initiatives are practised by all employees so that they can project themselves differently from a competitor.
Keywords:  Sustainability, Green Supply Chain, Logistics, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Green Environment, Logistics Factory

Many reinforced concrete structures are deficient in stiffness, ductility, and strength capacity contrasted with current guidelines. When a powerful event, such as an earthquake, happens, un-reinforced and deficient concrete members may fail and produce cataclysmic outcomes. So as to check this issue, various retrofit and repair techniques have been considered, actualized and have created an assortment of results. This examination is centered on looking at local retrofit and repair methods for reinforced concrete columns so as to break down the viability of these techniques. The essential strategies looked at are reinforced concrete jacketing, steel jacketing and FRP jacketing. An assortment of limitations is analyzed over the techniques including the loading capacity, connection methods, deformation, shear stress and shear strain in the member. Each retrofit strategy works contrastingly under every requirement, and the benefits and drawbacks of each were discussed and compared.
Keywords:  Jacketing, concrete jacketing, steel jacketing, FRP jacketing.

Nowdays many enginnering works towards green engineeing, and hence it is important to work with sustainable polymers that can be recylabe without damaging our environment, sush as thermoplastic polymers. This paper is deal with the performance of thermoplastic polymer (polystyrene) that had the shape of tri-packs arranged randomly used as fill for an cooling tower.A counter cooling device of (40 cm x 40 cm) was used with cross-sectional area and 1.7m. High was constructed. The fill has been studied theoretically and experimentally. Air rates of 0.7, 1.3,and 1.8 kg/s.m2 were used a with water rates within the range between 1 to 1.8 kg/s.m2 .The overall volumetric-mass transfer coefficient (Mt) volumetric heat-transfer coefficient and the tower characteristics (Mt/L) were discovered to be a function of the water air flow-rates simultaneously . Different variables were investigated these are water flow rate, air flow rate, inlet water temperature, and height of fill. A computer program depends on equations related cooling tower performance was used to calculate the performance coefficient, volumetric mass transfer coefficient, and volumetric heat transfer coefficient.
Keywords:  Green Engineeing, Polystyrene, Sustainable, Thermoplastic Polymer, Cooling Tower, Packed Bed, Air Flow-Rates, Heat Transfer, Mass Transfer Coefficient, Fluid Flow.

In present study, the comparative study of two different configurations of solar stills have been done with single effect solar still. To achieve the effect of heat storage on solar still performance, paraffin wax was used as a latent heat storage and solar pond was used as a sensible heat storage. The basin type single effect solar still having float wicks and paraffin wax in the basin water is referred as modified still with paraffin wax.While, the basin type single effect solar still having float wicks in the basin water and coupled with solar pond is referred as modified still with solar pond.Both these configurations of solar stills have been compared individually with single effect basin type still which is referred as conventional still. The overall distillate was found to be 3.3 kg/m2 during the day and 3.9 kg/m2 during the night for conventional and modified still with paraffin wax respectively. The overall and night gain in productivity of modified still with paraffin wax was found to 18.5% and 37.2 % respectively over the conventional still. While, the day and overall cumulative efficiency of modified still was more than that of conventional still by 6.36 % and 19.2 % respectively. The modified still with solar pond produce 5.12 kg/m2, which was 1.78 kg/m2 more distillate for 24 hours as compared to conventional still. The gain in day and night productivity of modified still with solar pond over the conventional still was found to be 52.52% and 55.25% respectively. The night and overall cumulative efficiency of modified still with solar pond was more than that of conventional still by 12.54% and 32.71% respectively.It has been observed that overall gain in cumulative efficiency was found to be more in solar still having float wicks and solar pond as compared to still having float wicks and paraffin wax.
Keywords:  Solar Still, Paraffin wax, Solar pond, Float wicks, Heat Storage.

Energy conservation is a vital concern for the spectrum of applications in wireless sensor networks. “A Wireless Sensor Network is a network with a number of sensor nodes that communicate with each other using radio signals in order to detect, track and describe these phenomena. The aggregation of data between sensor nodes is enormous unless successful sensor data flow management is enacted. Clustering the sensor nodes is known to be a significant solution to this problem. Databases, machine learning, governing the best or undeviating or cheapest route are the general purpose of the graph theory in technology. This control sub-field of discrete mathematics is used by applications in most network systems. Let G = (V, E) be a simple undirected graph and S is a subset of V if S is referred to as a dominant set of V-S adjacent to at least one vertex in S”. We analysed applications of Enegry Optimization’s secure domination parameters in wireless sensor networks in this article.
Keywords:  Enegry Optimization, Domination, Secure domination number, Bondage number, secure bondage number.

In this paper, a standalone Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) system with Variable Step Size Zero Oscillation Perturb & Observe (VSS ZOPO) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique is studied. The proposed algorithm utilizes variable step sizes inorder to achieve faster tracking and it retains a steady duty ratio with zero oscillation at Maximum Power Point (MPP). To evaluate the proposed system, a standalone SPV systemwith boost converter is modeled in MATLAB/Simulink and the simulation of SPV system is performed under different input conditions. The result shows that, the proposed algorithm has improved tracking for varying atmospheric conditions and has almost zero oscillation around MPP. Moreover, the output power produced by VSS ZOPO MPPT based SPV systemis higher than the VSS P&O based system and hence it is comparatively more efficient.
Keywords:  Maximum Power Point Tracking, Solar Photovoltaic, Variable

Text is the basic form of data, which is easy to share and manipulate and this feature increases the exploitation of text in all the domains. The needed data must be accessible at any given point of time, in order to ensure data usability. However, data accessibility is highly challenging, due to the increased volume of data and the best solution to deal with this issue is data organization. Clustering is the best form of data organization, which groups the related entities together, while separating unrelated entities. Understanding the effectiveness of data clustering, this article presents a twinned text clustering algorithm based on Improved Density Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (IDBSCAN), which is an enhanced version of DBSCAN and the ConceptNet. The roughly formed clusters are refined by the sense based ConceptNet, which improves the performance of the clustering. The performance of this work is compared with recent existing approaches in terms of F-measure, purity and entropy. The proposed twinned clustering algorithm exhibits better F-measure and purity rates with minimal entropy rates.
Keywords: Text clustering, ConceptNet, IDBSCAN, cluster labeling,Green communication,

The experimental investigations has carried out to identify the effect of use on bottom ash which is replacement for fine aggregate. By adding the bottom ash in Concrete can be improved the strength and the cost of the concrete will be reduced. The waste materials which is extracted from the thermal power plant is harmful for human health so by using this materials in the concrete will be an eco-friendly for the environmental. Even though the cost of the sand is high by using the bottom as the cost will reduce up to 20%. The different types of strength and the properties of the concrete has been identified. To find the strength two different types of concrete test has be consists of compressive strength and flexural strength of the concrete beam. To development the strength of the concrete different percentages of bottom Ash has been add 0%, 10%,20%, 30% and 40% has replaced with fine aggregates. The concrete has various age of curing like 7days and 28days with two different types of water one is normal water and the salt water for compressive strength. The strength and durability of the concrete has been identified in this research.
Keywords:  Bottom ash, Effect, Fine Aggregate, Eco-Friendly, waste materials.

Concrete is considered as an important building material used for construction. This study aims to investigate the potential of silica fume to enhance the mechanical and physical properties of structural concrete. Silica fume is an industry-based non-metallic and non-hazardous waste material that is suitable for strengthening cement composites and concrete strength. It was used as an additive material with a cement weight range of 5 per cent, 10 per cent and 15 per cent. After 7 and 28 days of water curing, compression, breaking, flexure tests and density were achieved. Sorptivity and water absorption after 28 days have been tested. The results show that the density and flexural strength substantially increased with an increase in silica fume, while sorptivity and absorption of water decreased. By increasing the percentage of silica fume, the price gain in the compressive and tensile strength increased. In this analysis, a maximum compressive and tensile strength of 7 and 28 days was obtained by adding 15 per cent of silica smoke while sorptivity and water absorption showed a maximum value of 0 per cent of silica smoke. A maximum value of 10 per cent silica fume was seen for flexural strength (bending stress). In addition, standard silica fume concrete specimens have comparable sorptivity, with a mix without silica fume.
Keywords:  Concrete, compressive strength, splitting tensile, flexural strength, dry density and silica fume.

An evolutionary algorithm is an efficient approach for solving multiple objective optimization problems and is getting popular among decision-makers and experts in deciding the solution. The cloud model is becoming popular due to its flexibility in offering a diversity of cloud services to its customers. The selection of cloud services from the vast list of available services may be challenging. The number of comparisons, response time, and energy also increases if the number of services or objectives increases. The growing record size of services or objectives is time-consuming and raises the overall response time and energy overhead. This paper presents a novel efficient approach known as Non-dominated sorting and ranking of services (NS-ROS), to find optimal services by avoiding unnecessary comparisons. The proposed method is compared with three other competing approaches on the same dataset to show the proposed method's efficiency. Experimental results show that our NS-ROS is computationally efficient than all the compared algorithms on response time, energy, and the number of comparisons required.
Keywords:  Evolutionary Algorithms, Multi-Optimization Problem, Response Time, Cloud Services, Energy Consumption

The coronavirus outbreak has left everyone frightened with high level risk globally. Coronavirus has become a threat to interaction as everyone tries to have little interaction as possible. Stakeholders turn to social media to seek information, provide information’s and moreover engage and collaborate in the advent of the crisis. Social media is now the game-changer that could impact every aspect of life through which people interact. In this study, our aim is to demonstrate how interaction on social media can improve community resilience. With the help of the literatures, the findings shows that, 1) crisis has a significant impact on crisis response, resilience and interaction, 2) crisis response has significant impact on resilience and interaction, and overall, 3) the interaction has a positive or negative significant impact on resilience. This paper offers theoretical implications to social media based interaction to improved community resilience.
Keywords:  Crisis informatics, Social media, Interaction, Resilience, Coronavirus outbreak, WeChat.

SUS 304 stainless steel is most commonly used austenitic stainless steel which finds many industrial as well as domestic applications. SUS304 stainless steels can be welded by various welded by various welding processes like TIG welding, MIG welding, Friction stir welding, Explosive welding etc. In most of the welding processes, weld bead are very rough and needs to be finished to meets customer requirements. In present research work, an attempt has been made to finish TIG welded SUS 304 stainless steel weld beads with magnetic abrasive finishing process. Three process parameters: processing time, weight percentage of abrasives and tool rotational speed has been selected to finish work surfaces. Response surface methodology (RSM) has been utilized to design experiments to finish the work surface. Influence of selected process parameters on percentage improvement in surface finish has been observed and analyzed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been also implemented to check the impact of process parameters on work surface microstructure.
Keywords:  SUS304 stainless steel, weld beads, TIG welded joints, surface finish, Scanning electron microscopy

Nanostructured copper oxide (CuO) doped with Mn thin films were prepared at varying doping (2% and 4%) by chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) technique. XRD was used to characterize structural properties confirms that films were polycrystalline with a preferred orientation along (002) plane . Films morphology was evaluated via Atomic Force microscopy (AFM). Optical properties were obtained via spectrophotometer and the results indicate that CuO and Mn doped CuO Nanostructured have a range of bandgap values within (1.72 - 1.92) eV.
Keywords:  CSP, Mn, CuO, Structure, Morphological.

Under water Communication networks contains several important constituents such as sensors and wireless vehicles that are employed in underwater acoustic area for an efficient data collection and monitoring applications. These networks plays an important role in the various applications such as commercial, military and defense. Presently, these networks faces numerous problems such as limited bandwidth, high propagation delay, three model topology and mostly importantly limited power constraints. Presently, these challenges remains to be darker side of the research due to the variable characteristics of acoustics. In this paper, machine learning based energy efficient routing algorithmI-REED(Intelligent Reliable Energy Efficient Routing Protocol) has been proposed which finds its suitable for the underwater communication networks. The proposed algorithm works on the principle of hybrid optimized learning algorithms for fixing the energy efficient routing path thus to surge the network life time of the acoustic networks. The anticipated intelligent algorithms takes the two different parameters such as adaptive energies and distance , which uses the BAT algorithm for optimization and Extreme learning machines for determination of best energy efficient routing path. The proposed algorithm has been tested under acoustic environment andcompared with the other existing algorithms such as VBF, REE-VBF, and HH-VBF routing algorithms in which the proposed routing protocol has outperformedthe other existing algorithm in terms of high network reliability,low energy consumption with high packet delivery ratio.
Keywords:  Under water Communication networks, BAT Algorithms, Extreme Learning machines, Adaptive Energy , Distance , VBF,REE-VBF ,HH-VBF.

Expressions of a Face are usually identified from a certain facial feature that reveals true emotions people deliberate to conceal. Although Convolution Neural Network (CNN) has been proved for its effectiveness on facial verification and classification, there are few obstacles like (i) the requirement of large data sets to avoid over-fitting and (ii) variations in person-specific characteristics of expressions. We therefore recommend an approach to facial expression recognition (FER) from invariant facial images with multi-channel CNNs that incorporates both the full facial features and local patches. The proposed work makes use of two CNNs, one for extracting global features in the image and another CNN for processing features from the local patches.
After learning the high-level features of all the channels they are fused in the aggregation layer. The contribution of the aggregation layer representing global and local features are fed into two fully interconnected layers accompanied by Softmax towards final prediction. Finally, we tested the feasibility of our existing design across observations on public benchmarking databases such as FER-2013 and Labeled Faces in Wild (LFW).Our proposed CNN architecture achieves a maximum accuracy of 84.56% with Adam optimizer.
Keywords:  Face expression recognition, emotion recognition, facial features, convolutional neural network, deep learning.

Presently a-days Location-Based Service (LBS) has become increasingly better known the sensational development of advanced cells and informal community administrations (SNS) for green communication. Its setting rich functionalities draw in significant clients. A few LBS providers use information identifying with client's area to gracefully them accommodation and supportive capacities. Notwithstanding, the LBS may significantly break individual security because of area itself contains a ton of information. In this way, preserving client's area information and at consistent time accomplishing utility from applications that remaining parts a troublesome undertaking. This paper manages non-paltry test by arranging a lot of novel fine-grained Privacy-safeguarding Location Question Protocol (PLQP) for green communication.
The conventions structured license entirely unexpected degrees of area question on encoded area information for different clients and it will be applied to portable stages on account of its high intensity.
Keywords:  abstraction cloaking, k- anonymity, location privacy, privacy protocol, location question, location primarily based server.

The AgriOn ontology is the advancement of the agriculture ontology. The ontology for agriculture already published is either taxonomy such as AGROVOC that defines common terms or ontologies that have been developed for smart farming but have not published their ontology for reuse. AgriOn promises a description of ontology to be reused as it follows the best practices for ontology development. In this paper, we presented the 'AgriOn' agricultural ontology concept along with the IoT concept of smart farming with nearreal-time activities. Along with AgriOn Ontology, the data annotation for smart agriculture with lightweight IoT-Lite ontology instead of SSN ontology is presented in this paper. Some knowledge-based taxonomies for soil moisture data are defined using the Semantic Reasoner Rules. The M3 ontology and the M3-Lite taxonomy are used to express the sensor data unit and the quantity type information. To make the annotated data sensor lighter, a notation 3 (n3) data format is used, which takes less space than XML and JSON. To demonstrate the logical knowledge extract from the sensor data, the Reasoner Rules and the SPARQL queries are included, which extract the soil moisture knowledge from the field partition. An open-source protected tool is used to develop ontology.
Keywords:  Internet of Things (IoT); Smart farming;Ontology; Semantic reasoner rules; soil-moisture;

This paper introduces a new system design for voltage sag and swelling compensation using a Dynamic voltage restorer based on a Solar Photovoltaic Inverter (SPVI-DVR). The common DVR topics listed here have some shortcomings, such as high-cost, more harmonic and easier electromagnetic interference and are only used to mitigate voltage disturbances. It consumes more energy from the utility grid to compensate for long-distance voltage sag and swelling that can be overcome with the SPVI-DVR intended to mitigate deep, voltage-disturbing voltage bags. Hence, the voltage regulation of the inverter voltage is reduced due to the proposed SPVI-DVR. It reduces the power consumption from the grid by removing the utlity grid from the load. The SPVI design reduces the inverter switching losess. The proposed design also injects the reactive power to the sensitive load. The SPVI-based DVR system consists of a PV system with a low-power and high-power DC-DC booster converter, a series injection transformer and semiconductor switches. SPVI-DVR execution is simulated under dynamic conditions and the load contains various parameters such as steady state error, Efficiency, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). All of these conditions are performed in MATLAB-Simulink software.
Keywords:  Dynamic Voltage Restorer, Distributed Energy Resources, Harmonic Compensation SPVI-DVR.

A stochastic perturbation of computer worm in networks, with the Long-time behavior is formed and analyzed.Cases with numerous and uncountable numbers have resulted in a burden on protection and information networks. The stochastic model of the worm propagation which has stochastic perturbations in contact rate between the nodes, general withdrawal rate, new computers inclusion rate, the withdrawal rate of infected computers, and the rate of recovery from infection. The stability analysis is associated with equilibrium which is globally stable in probability and exponential stability using mean-square of computer network worm propagation of stochastic model with random perturbations. Numerical simulations are provided to illustrate our theoretical works using MATLAB software.
Keywords:  Antivirus software, stochastic perturbation, stochastic fluctuation, network model and control measure.

According to the prevailing definition, Big Data can be described as an incredibly broad data collection to be computationally evaluated for patterns and trends to be revealed. It varies and changes so quickly for handling, production, and alteration. Data analytics is the practise of processing unrefined information so that conclusions can be taken from that evidence. Currently there are many emerging developments in medicine and healthcare towards digital data sources and creative data processing. Methods of data analytics will expose patterns and measurements which would otherwise be overlooked in the mass of data. This knowledge will also be used to refine practises and improve the overall efficacy of an organisation or system.
In this paper, we are developing three models like KNN (K-Nearest neighbours), SVM (Support Vector Machines) and Random Forest to analyse the health care treatment and insurance analytics using Spark-R. By utilizing these three models we will test the dataset and find the utmost accuracy to obtain the enhanced results. With data samples downloaded from Kaggle repository, these approaches are checked. The utility of the algorithms is measured and compared in terms of accuracy, sensitivity and precision in both situations, that means data set with noisy data and data set without noisy data.
Keywords:  Analytics, Big data, Kaggle, sensitivity, support vector machine

TiO2 and TiO2: Ni films were prepared via spray pyrolysis technique (SPT). XRD measurements assure that film grown by this method was polycrystalline tetragonal structure. The dominant peak was along (110) plane. The grain size of the samples was maximum at the(TiO2:3% Ni )film and it was minimum at the nanocomposite the pure-TiO2, whereas the strain(%) parameter decreases from 35. 35 to 31.13, AFM studies disclosed smooth surface morphology with root mean-square roughness from 8.84 nm to 3.99 nm of TiO2 and TiO2: 3% Ni. AFM image showed that The grain size observed was in the area of 94.37 nm to 59.05 nm with TiO2 and TiO2: 3% Ni nm respectively. spray pyrolysis technique - TiO2 and TiO2: Ni films have optical transmittance in the visible region 95 and 84 %, respectively. Sprayed Spray Pyrolysis Technique TiO2 and TiO2: Ni thin films have optical band gap 3.4 and 3.2 eV, respectively.
Keywords:  TiO2 thin film, Ni, XRD, AFM,Optical Properties, bandgap.

In the current article, a parallel communication network model in which three nodes are connected in a tandem fashion with binomial bulk arrivals developed. The messages arrived at the network are transformed into packets for forwarding transmission. After completing the transmission at first node, the packet may join buffer 2 or 3, parallel and connected to node 1 with specific probabilities. The inter transmission time of packets in each node follows the Poisson process. The transient behavior of the network is assessed by obtaining the unambiguous expression for various performance metrics of the network model, like utilizing buffers at nodes, the throughput of each node, delay at each node, and the total number of packets at each node, etc. It is observed that the current model can model the traffic under burstness and non-smooth conditions. The non-homogeneous bulk arrival process considered for the current model is compared with the homogeneous bulk arrival process. The comparative results had been given separately for a better understanding of the current model performance.
Keywords:  Dynamic bandwidth allocation,Non-homogeneous compound Poisson process, performance evaluation, p.g.f (Probability generating function).

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has an essential job and influence of ongoing correspondence applications. Area of obscure hub is hard to discover within the sight of portable sensor hubs. Pilot assumes a significant job in recognizing system deficiency and obscure hub area. Remote sensor systems can possibly screen situations for both military and common applications [4]. Because of unfriendly conditions these sensors are not generally conveyed consistently in the territory of intrigue. Since sensors are commonly compelled in ready vitality supply, productive administration of the system is urgent to expand the life of the sensors. Sensors vitality can't bolster long stretch correspondence to arrive at a remote direction site and in this manner requires numerous degrees of jumps or a passage to advance the information for the benefit of the sensor [2].
In this paper we propose a calculation to organize these sensors in to well characterize bunches with less-vitality obliged passage hubs going about as group heads, and parity load among these entryways.Reenactment results show how our methodology can adjust the heap and improve the lifetime of the framework. To maintain a strategic distance from these overheads and uneven utilization of vitality we propose a methodology where we have some high-vitality hubs called Gateways sent in the system. These Gateways, bunch sensors to frame unmistakable groups in the framework and deal with the system in the bunch, perform information combination to associate sensor reports and sort out sensors by actuating a subset important to required missions or assignments as appeared. Every sensor just has a place with one bunch and speaks with the direction hub just through the door in the group. Keywords:  WSN, Cluster Routing, Hash Table, Packet Delivery, Sensor Nodes

CdO and CdO: V with 1% and 3% concentrations were prepared using spray pyrolysis technique SPT. The impacts of vanadium (V) content on structural, morphology, and optical properties were obtained. XRD anaylsis assures that CdO films are polycrystalline cubic structure with recognized peak at (111). Crystallite size increases from 13.3 nm to 17.2 nm as vanadium concentration increases. Surface topography and nanostructural signalizes cluster grain size and porosity decreased substantially with an increase of Vanadium (V) content in CdO films. The transmittance is more than 80% in the visible range for 1 to 3% Vanadium (V) doping. The optical bandgap of CdO: V film for direct allowed transition has been decreased from (2.75 to 2.55) eV.
Keywords: CdO: V, SPT, structural, optical properties, XRD, AFM.

Thin Cadmium Sulfide films doped with Au were grown via spray pyrolysis technique (SPT). An increase in Au dopant from 0 to 3% in CdS thin films led to pronounced changes in the film morphology. X-ray diffraction has shown that the peak of the maximum intensity corresponds to the (002) of deposited films. The crystallite size was maximum at the(CdS: 3% Au ) film and it was minimum for nanostructured CdS , whereas the strain(%) parameter decreases from 22.50 to 19.13, Study of the morphology of CdS films indicates the presence of homogeneous grains, while when Au atoms are added, the grains are not homogeneous and have different sizes. AFM images disclosed a smooth surface topography with a decrement in rms roughness values from 16.70 nm to 3.66 nm The average particle size was observed to be 59.95 nm to 39.96 nm for the deposited films. The optical transmittance exhibits excellent optical transparency, in the visible region 95 and 84 %, for CdS and 3% Au doping. It was also found that the absorption coefficient increased with increasing of dopant concentration, It follows from the optical properties that the bandgap of pure CdS thin film is 2.55 eV, was decreased from to 2.35 eV via doping
Keywords:  CdS thin film, Au, Doping, Structural properties, AFM, Optical properties, bandgap.

Power quality is an important issue for power system network; the load voltage should be as a sinusoidal waveform. Many disturbances affect supply voltage like notching, transients, under voltage, voltage sag/swell. Sag/swell voltages and harmonics are the major problems of power quality causing malfunctioning or tripping the equipment. This paper put an effective and economic solution for the system from disturbances that occur such as voltage sag/swell and harmonics by employing the dynamic voltage restorer by protecting the sensitive loads and network through a series transformer to inject a suitable voltage waveform to maintain the sensitive loads at a fixed value. DVR controller have a low complexity by utilizing a powerful differentiator called approximate classical sliding mode controller to eliminate the disadvantages of the linear differentiator with a nonlinear sliding variable as a terminal sliding mode controller or sigmoid function named arctan to maintain the load voltage magnitude approximately 1 pu, the total harmonic distortion at the standard level and the steady state error as small as possible. The proposed system is investigated by utilized MATLAB/Simulink to improve the distribution system when any disturbances occur. The results illustrated the capability of the DVR structure to overcome any disturbance and keep the sensitive load voltage at a constant value by maintaining the THD at the standard rand. The proposed model was evaluated by used the common voltage sag indices.
Keywords: PID controller, voltage sag/swell, sliding mode controller, dynamic voltage restorer, power quality, total harmonic distortion.

Solid state transformer (SST) is one of the greatest emergent technologies in the field of renewable energy integration. Various topologies of SST are available, out of which the most promising one is the three stage SST with Dual Active Bridge (DAB). In this paper, a novel three stage DAB based SST with dual secondary winding is proposed. The transformer of the DAB stage is replaced by with dual secondary winding transformer enabling load sharing among the winding. The simulation model is developed using MATLAB/Simulink. The performance of the system is analyzed for various load conditions. The results infer that the proposed SST system can be wisely used for integration of distributed energy resources of the renewable energy system.
Keywords:  Solid State Transformer (SST), H-Bridge inverter, Dual Secondary Winding, THD, Dual Active Bridge (DAB), Voltage Sag, Voltage Swell, Power factor

The goal of the current survey is to grasp how the utilization of the idea of sound scapes can help in considering encompassing sound situations in better places. Sound is a huge attribute of the prominence of the urban open air biological system. Inside the field of ecological acoustics, urban sound scape study implies a respectably current however fundamental hypothesis change, which continues from the perspective that a reasonable acoustic condition may inspiringly affect the prosperity of masses and visitors. With the appearance of novel methodologies and techniques for practical ruralisation of open air zones, and with the utilization of mimicked/expanded authenticity procedures turning out to be increasingly broad, research centrality in the preliminary of forming the acoustic air of urban open spaces has expanded significantly. The motivation behind urban open spots is characteristically accomplished by draftsmen and urban organizers, which regularly just accentuation on the graphical feel of the urban space. However, an outwardly appealing open space made arrangements for mitigating will be underused in the event that it sounds cruel. Ideally, sound-related plan ought to be durable with visual structure, an essential the sound scape methodology responses. The present tendency of co-making the urban space made with all investors, including neighborhood occupants, opens up new possibilities to represent all thanks in the urban plan movement. Deplorably, draftsmen and urban proposers ‘scuffle to join the sound scape technique in the urban plan procedure and use in the circumstance of co-creation. Along these lines, this survey intends to assemble accessible exploration on the sound scape approach versus urban arranging, in explicit.
Keywords:  PEO/PVDF blend, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, Ionic conductivity, SEM, XRD.

Condition monitoring involves collecting real-time data that can be transformed into meaningful graphs from which informed decisions can be made with regard to the maintenance, performance and sustainability of a system. An example of such a system is a PV system that should operate continuously over a specified period of time within a given environment despite ever-changing environmental conditions. Monitoring the real-time performance of such a PV system, and especially its PV modules, is vital to ensure its sustainability. The purpose of this article is to highlight four key methods that may be used to enable condition monitoring of PV modules in order to enable system sustainability. Empirical results obtained from an experimental setup are used to illustrate each method, where key anomalies are identified that may lead to premature PV module degradation. These methods include power and temperature measurements along with thermographic and visual images. An interpretation of the graphs associated with these methods is also given in the paper. A key recommendation is to make use of a number of condition monitoring methods to improve the decision making process regarding the maintenance and enhancement of PV systems.
Keywords:  Arduino, thermography, webcam, energy monitoring, PV system

Land use Land cover changes were Analyzed and mapped in and around Hadadi lake, Davangere district. Changes that took place between the years 1970 to 2010 were identified and detected by using suitable techniques. Significant tools used to detect changes over the period were RS and GIS tools. Topographic map 48N/15 is obtained from the survey of India, Bengaluru. This topographic map is converted to digital mode. Latitude and longitude of the study area are compared with the digitalized topo sheet using Arc GIS software. Thematic maps were generated and updated using satellite imagery of RS data (IRS 1C LISS-III and LANDSAT ESM+). The overlay analysis carried out helps us to know the land use pattern for 40 years. The five main LU/LC (Land Use/ Land Cover) categories identified through the images of the study area are listed below. The results depicted that there is an increase in the Built-up land and wastelands by 2.94% (12.89 Km2) and 0.53% (2.33Km2) respectively. Agricultural and Forest lands have been decreased by 4.14% (18.17 Km2) and 0.78% (3.48 Km2) respectively. Water bodies in the study area have been increased by an amount of 0.93% (4.04 Km2).
Keywords: Toposheet, Georeferencing, Thematic Maps, Hadadi watershed, Haridra basin.